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Biology > Protists > Flashcards

Protists Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

protists are closely related to _____________________

A

plants or animals or fungi

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2
Q

Protists are a __________ group

A

Paraphyletic

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2
Q

Protist common characteristics (2 of them)

A

Most abundant in moist or wet habitats
Most are microscopic in size

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3
Q

Eukaryotic nucleus and cytoplasm likely arose in an ancient __________

A

archaean

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4
Q

Mitochondria and plastids originated from ___________ and cyanobacteria, by endosymbiosis

A

proteobacteria

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5
Q

Origin of Eukaryotic Cell (4)

A

Origin of flexible cell surface
Origin of cytoskeleton
Origin of nuclear envelope
Appearance of digestive vesicles
Endosymbiotic acquisition of certain organelles

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6
Q

In the nuclear envelope, __________ create more ____________ for exchange

A

Infoldings; surface area

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7
Q

Infoldings likely led to the formation to what?

A

nuclear envelope

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8
Q

Infoldings allowed ingestion via ____________

A

endocytosis

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9
Q

The origin of the ribosome came from the _______

A

protists

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10
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do?

A

Manage shape; distribute daughter chromosomes; move materials

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11
Q

The origin of the digestive vesicles came from the _______

A

protists

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12
Q

Evolution of _______________ via endosymbiosis

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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13
Q

What is the evidence that the mitochondria and chloroplasts came from endosymbiosis?

A

Evidence: mitochondria and chloroplasts have own DNA; double membrane; molecular similarities to prokaryotes

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14
Q

Protists are mostly __________ in nature

A

aquatic

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15
Q

Protists can ________________ (How they can their food)

A

autotrophs, heterotrophs; switch

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16
Q

“protozoan”: older term for “animal-like” protists; is?

A

heterotrophic

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17
Q

Some called “algae”: is?

A

photosynthetic

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18
Q

Amoeboid motion: formation of ____________ (extensions of cytoplasm)

A

pseudopods

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19
Q

__________: move through coordinated beating of tiny, hairlike

A

Ciliates

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20
Q

_____________: whiplike push or pull cell

A

Flagellages

21
Q

____________ expel excess water taken in (osmosis) by freshwater protists

A

Contractile vacuoles

22
Q

____________ carry out digestion of ingested food particles

A

Food vacuoles

23
Q

Protist can reproduce __________, but some protists show ________________

A

sexual and asexual; no sexual reproduction

24
Q

Asexual processes: _____________________

A

binary fission, multiple fission, budding, and spore formation

25
Q

What are the different types of protist?

A

Excavata, Trypanosoma, Alveolata, Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, Plasmodium, Ciliates, Stramenopila, Diatoms, Brown Algae, Water molds, Red Algae, green algae

26
Q

Excavata: Most __________________
Many are______________ (euglenids; e.g., Euglena)
Some are_____________ (live in animal guts; e.g. termites)
Some are ____________ (e.g. Trypanosoma)

A

unicellular; flagellated
photosynthetic
symbionts
parasites

27
Q

Excavata Trypanosoma: Cause of _______________

A

various tropical diseases

28
Q

Alveolata: ____________; saclike, membranous alveoli (cavities) below plasma membranes

A

Unicellular

29
Q

What species is found in the genus Alveolata?

A

Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates

30
Q

Dinoflagellates
___________________ within grooves on cell
Some________, some_____________, some ____________
Many____________ (golden-brown or even red color)

A

Unicellular; marine; two flagella
parasitic; endosymbionts; free-living
photosynthetic

31
Q

Apicomplexans
Are ___________
Name from ______________, a collection of organelles that assist w/ __________

A

Parasitic; apical complex, host invasion

32
Q

What are the 2 host in a Plasmodium life cycle?

A

Two hosts: Anopheles mosquito and vertebrate

33
Q

The Infective stage in a plasmodium?

A

sporozoite

34
Q

What is the stage of a plasmodium that infects the liver and blood cells?

A

Merozoite stage

35
Q

In ciliates, Both _____________ (mitosis) and ____________________ (conjugation)

A

asexual reproduction; sexual genetic recombination

36
Q

Stramenopila
Often ______________
___________________________ groups

A

two flagella of unequal length; Photosynthetic & nonphotosynthetic

37
Q

What are some examples of Stramenopila?

A

diatoms, brown algae, & water molds

38
Q

Diatoms
_________; abundant in _________ environments; some ______________ __________(accessory pigments) often give yellow or brown color
No _______
Many have double __________ around cell; beautiful patterns

A

Unicellular; marine; freshwater
Carotenoids
flagella
silicon plates

39
Q

Brown Algae
Found in ___________ and are _______
Most have_________ which anchors to substrate; some have __________
Pigment ___________

A

Marine, multicellular
holdfast; gas bladders
fucoxanthin

40
Q

What is an example of brown algae?

A

Seaweed

41
Q

Water molds (_________-like protists)
Are ___________
“water molds”: aquatic, saprobic (_______________)

A

fungus
coenocytes
feed on dead organic matter

42
Q

What does coenocytes mean?

A

many nuclei within single plasma membrane

43
Q

Red Algae
Mostly _________, ________cellular
Pigment ___________ (red) + phycocyanin & chlorophyll
______________ of some source of agar

A

marine; multi-
phycoerythrin
Polysaccharides

44
Q

green algae
Can be found in _________ and _________ but are mostly found in ________
______cellular or _______cellular (filaments or colonies)

A

terrestrial; marine; fresh-water
Uni-; multi

45
Q

Amoebozoa, how do they move?

A

Pseudopods for locomotion, feeding

46
Q

Where can Amoebozoa be found?

A

Freshwater and soil amoebas

47
Q

What is an example of Amoebozoa?

A

slime molds

48
Q

Rhizaria are ___________

A

thin, hairlike pseudopodia

49
Q

What is an example of Rhizaria?

A

Foraminiferans

Biology (15 decks)

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