Protists

Question 1

protists are closely related to _____________________

Answer 1

plants or animals or fungi

Question 2

Protists are a __________ group

Answer 2

Paraphyletic

Question 2

Protist common characteristics (2 of them)

Answer 2

Most abundant in moist or wet habitats
Most are microscopic in size

Question 3

Eukaryotic nucleus and cytoplasm likely arose in an ancient __________

Answer 3

archaean

Question 4

Mitochondria and plastids originated from ___________ and cyanobacteria, by endosymbiosis

Answer 4

proteobacteria

Question 5

Origin of Eukaryotic Cell (4)

Answer 5

Origin of flexible cell surface
Origin of cytoskeleton
Origin of nuclear envelope
Appearance of digestive vesicles
Endosymbiotic acquisition of certain organelles

Question 6

In the nuclear envelope, __________ create more ____________ for exchange

Answer 6

Infoldings; surface area

Question 7

Infoldings likely led to the formation to what?

Answer 7

nuclear envelope

Question 8

Infoldings allowed ingestion via ____________

Answer 8

endocytosis

Question 9

The origin of the ribosome came from the _______

Answer 9

protists

Question 10

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 10

Manage shape; distribute daughter chromosomes; move materials

Question 11

The origin of the digestive vesicles came from the _______

Answer 11

protists

Question 12

Evolution of _______________ via endosymbiosis

Answer 12

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 13

What is the evidence that the mitochondria and chloroplasts came from endosymbiosis?

Answer 13

Evidence: mitochondria and chloroplasts have own DNA; double membrane; molecular similarities to prokaryotes

Question 14

Protists are mostly __________ in nature

Answer 14

aquatic

Question 15

Protists can ________________ (How they can their food)

Answer 15

autotrophs, heterotrophs; switch

Question 16

“protozoan”: older term for “animal-like” protists; is?

Answer 16

heterotrophic

Question 17

Some called “algae”: is?

Answer 17

photosynthetic

Question 18

Amoeboid motion: formation of ____________ (extensions of cytoplasm)

Answer 18

pseudopods

Question 19

__________: move through coordinated beating of tiny, hairlike

Answer 19

Ciliates

Question 20

_____________: whiplike push or pull cell

Answer 20

Flagellages

Question 21

____________ expel excess water taken in (osmosis) by freshwater protists

Answer 21

Contractile vacuoles

Question 22

____________ carry out digestion of ingested food particles

Answer 22

Food vacuoles

Question 23

Protist can reproduce __________, but some protists show ________________

Answer 23

sexual and asexual; no sexual reproduction

Question 24

Asexual processes: _____________________

Answer 24

binary fission, multiple fission, budding, and spore formation

Question 25

What are the different types of protist?

Answer 25

Excavata, Trypanosoma, Alveolata, Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, Plasmodium, Ciliates, Stramenopila, Diatoms, Brown Algae, Water molds, Red Algae, green algae

Question 26

Excavata: Most __________________ Many are______________ (euglenids; e.g., Euglena) Some are_____________ (live in animal guts; e.g. termites) Some are ____________ (e.g. Trypanosoma)

Answer 26

unicellular; flagellated photosynthetic symbionts parasites

Question 27

Excavata Trypanosoma: Cause of _______________

Answer 27

various tropical diseases

Question 28

Alveolata: ____________; saclike, membranous alveoli (cavities) below plasma membranes

Answer 28

Unicellular

Question 29

What species is found in the genus Alveolata?

Answer 29

Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates

Question 30

Dinoflagellates ___________________ within grooves on cell Some________, some_____________, some ____________ Many____________ (golden-brown or even red color)

Answer 30

Unicellular; marine; two flagella parasitic; endosymbionts; free-living photosynthetic

Question 31

Apicomplexans Are ___________ Name from ______________, a collection of organelles that assist w/ __________

Answer 31

Parasitic; apical complex, host invasion

Question 32

What are the 2 host in a Plasmodium life cycle?

Answer 32

Two hosts: Anopheles mosquito and vertebrate

Question 33

The Infective stage in a plasmodium?

Answer 33

sporozoite

Question 34

What is the stage of a plasmodium that infects the liver and blood cells?

Answer 34

Merozoite stage

Question 35

In ciliates, Both _____________ (mitosis) and ____________________ (conjugation)

Answer 35

asexual reproduction; sexual genetic recombination

Question 36

Stramenopila Often ______________ ___________________________ groups

Answer 36

two flagella of unequal length; Photosynthetic & nonphotosynthetic

Question 37

What are some examples of Stramenopila?

Answer 37

diatoms, brown algae, & water molds

Question 38

Diatoms _________; abundant in _________ environments; some ______________ __________(accessory pigments) often give yellow or brown color No _______ Many have double __________ around cell; beautiful patterns

Answer 38

Unicellular; marine; freshwater Carotenoids flagella silicon plates

Question 39

Brown Algae Found in ___________ and are _______ Most have_________ which anchors to substrate; some have __________ Pigment ___________

Answer 39

Marine, multicellular holdfast; gas bladders fucoxanthin

Question 40

What is an example of brown algae?

Answer 40

Seaweed

Question 41

Water molds (_________-like protists) Are ___________ “water molds”: aquatic, saprobic (_______________)

Answer 41

fungus coenocytes feed on dead organic matter

Question 42

What does coenocytes mean?

Answer 42

many nuclei within single plasma membrane

Question 43

Red Algae Mostly _________, ________cellular Pigment ___________ (red) + phycocyanin & chlorophyll ______________ of some source of agar

Answer 43

marine; multi- phycoerythrin Polysaccharides

Question 44

green algae Can be found in _________ and _________ but are mostly found in ________ ______cellular or _______cellular (filaments or colonies)

Answer 44

terrestrial; marine; fresh-water Uni-; multi

Question 45

Amoebozoa, how do they move?

Answer 45

Pseudopods for locomotion, feeding

Question 46

Where can Amoebozoa be found?

Answer 46

Freshwater and soil amoebas

Question 47

What is an example of Amoebozoa?

Answer 47

slime molds

Question 48

Rhizaria are ___________

Answer 48

thin, hairlike pseudopodia

Question 49

What is an example of Rhizaria?

Answer 49

Foraminiferans