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Biology > Biology Deuterostomes > Flashcards

Biology Deuterostomes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common name for Urochordata?

A

Tunicates or “sea squirts”

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2
Q

Larvae have _______ and hollow _________

A

notochords, nerve

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3
Q

What is the common name for Cephalochordata?

A

lancelets

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4
Q

The _________ lineage separated from the protostome lineage early in the history of animal life.

A

deuterostome

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5
Q

There are _______ major lineages and species of deuterostomes than protostomes

A

fewer

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6
Q

Humans are _________

A

deuterostomes

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7
Q

Echinoderms: _____ symmetrical body plan

A

radially

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8
Q

What does “pentaradial” mean?

A

5s or multiples

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9
Q

What kind of vascular system does a Echinoderms have?

A

Unique water vascular system

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10
Q

What kind of skeleton a Echinoderms have?

A

Calcified internal skeleton

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11
Q

Echinoderm means __________

A

“spiny skin”

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12
Q

Nearly all living echinoderm species have bilaterally symmetrical, _______ larva that feeds as a ______ organism

A

ciliated, planktonic

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13
Q

What are plankton

A

free-floating; move with water currents for most part

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14
Q

_____ classes of echinoderms survive today; 23 extinct lineages

A

Five

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15
Q

Which groups of Echinoderms have arms?

A

Includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers

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16
Q

The phylum ___________ includes all vertebrates and some invertebrates

A

Chordata

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17
Q

What 4 features do all chordates share?

A

pharyngeal gill slits
a dorsal supporting rod, the notochord
a dorsal hollow nerve cord
a muscular, post-anal tail
(All of these feastures are found at some stage of development)

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18
Q

What do chordates become when they are adults

A

Sessile (anchored in the water)

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19
Q

Filter prey from seawater with ________ baskets

A

pharyngeal

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20
Q

Subphylum vertebrata: chordates with _______

A

backbones

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20
Q

Vertebrates evolved jointed internal skeletons around a __________, which allowed rapid swimming

A

vertebral column

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21
Q

What do Cephalochordata resemble

A

small fish

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22
Q

How does Cephalochordata eat?

A

Filter prey from water with pharyngeal baskets

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23
Q

Early vertebrates had no _______

A

jaws

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24
Q

Jawed fishes rapidly became _________ marine and fresh water animals

A

dominant

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24
Q

Jaws evolved from __________________, allowing grasping and chewing of prey

A

anterior gill arches

25
Q

Extant (living) jawless fishes: _______ & ________

A

lamprey and hagfish

25
Q

What 2 things did fishes evolved?

A

unjointed fins that controlled swimming movements and provided stability in water
lunglike sacs for suspension

26
Q

What are the 2 existing groups of fishes?

A

Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes; sharks, skates & rays)
Osteichthyes (bony fishes)

27
Q

_______ fishes come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes

A

Osteichthyes (bony)

28
Q

What two fish lineages evolved jointed fins?

A

lobe-fins and lungfishes

28
Q

Many species of fishes have ________. behaviors

A

complex

29
Q

____________, the first terrestrial vertebrates

A

Amphibians

29
Q

What did amphibians evolve from?

A

lobe-finned fish

30
Q

Most amphibians live in __________ for part of their lives, and their eggs must remain _______

A

water; moist

31
Q

Lobed fins: the Coelacanth

A

Indian ocean and off Africa’s coast
Thought extinct until 1938
Lobed fleshy fins show feature that led to amphibian legs

32
Q

What organism is the translation state between fin to limb?

A

TIKTAALIK

33
Q

Modern “reptiles” are members of four lineages

A

turtles and tortoises; tuataras; snakes and lizards, and crocodilians

34
Q

About 4,500 amphibian species alive today belong to three orders

A

caecilians
frogs and toads
salamanders

35
Q

Respiration through _______ and/or by________

A

skin (cutaneous) / lungs

36
Q

Birds arose about _______

A

175 mya

37
Q

What do most biologists now consider birds to be?

A

“feathered dinosaurs”

38
Q

What are birds mostly closely rated to?

A

crocodilians

39
Q

When did the Archaeopteryx live?

A

Lived ≈150 mya

40
Q

What did the first Archaeopteryx misidentified as?

A

A small nonavian dinosaur

41
Q

What did the late Archaeopteryx fossils show?

A

feathers

42
Q

What are the Dinosaur-like feature?

A

teeth, bony tail

43
Q

The 9,600 species of living birds are characterized by ________-, _______, and ________

A

feathers, high metabolic rates, and parental care

44
Q

__________- evolved during the Mesozoic era, about 225 mya, before dinosaurs became extinct

A

Mammals

44
Q

_______- of mammals are fertilized within the bodies of females, and _______ develop there before birth

A

Eggs; embryos

45
Q

The three mammal species in ____________ lineage lay eggs (only found in Australia & New Guinea)

A

Monotremata

45
Q

All other mammals give birth to ________

A

developed young

45
Q

What are some examples of The monotremes

A

Platypus and echidna.

45
Q

What are examples of the anthropoids?

A

tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

46
Q

What are the two lineages that the primates split into?

A

prosimians and anthropoids

46
Q

_______ and _______ support the origin of Homo sapiens in Africa

A

DNA and fossil data

47
Q

What are examples of the prosimians

A

lemurs, lorises (also includes pottos, bush babies)

48
Q

___________- evolved in Africa from terrestrial, bipedal ancestors

A

Hominids

49
Q

________ evolved large brains, language, and culture

A

Early humans

49
Q

______– numbers increased greatly

A

Human

49
Q

The human population has grown exponentially after ________, ________, and _________

A

agricultural, medical, and technological advances

49
Q

__________ early, stocky humans, 75,000-30,000 years ago, and developed tools, rituals, and domesticated plants and animals

A

Neanderthals

49
Q

Humans are _________ the globe and other biodiversity dramatically

A

impacting

Biology (15 decks)

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