Biology Deuterostomes

Question 1

What is the common name for Urochordata?

Answer 1

Tunicates or “sea squirts”

Question 2

Larvae have _______ and hollow _________

Answer 2

notochords, nerve

Question 3

What is the common name for Cephalochordata?

Answer 3

lancelets

Question 4

The _________ lineage separated from the protostome lineage early in the history of animal life.

Answer 4

deuterostome

Question 5

There are _______ major lineages and species of deuterostomes than protostomes

Answer 5

fewer

Question 6

Humans are _________

Answer 6

deuterostomes

Question 7

Echinoderms: _____ symmetrical body plan

Answer 7

radially

Question 8

What does “pentaradial” mean?

Answer 8

5s or multiples

Question 9

What kind of vascular system does a Echinoderms have?

Answer 9

Unique water vascular system

Question 10

What kind of skeleton a Echinoderms have?

Answer 10

Calcified internal skeleton

Question 11

Echinoderm means __________

Answer 11

“spiny skin”

Question 12

Nearly all living echinoderm species have bilaterally symmetrical, _______ larva that feeds as a ______ organism

Answer 12

ciliated, planktonic

Question 13

What are plankton

Answer 13

free-floating; move with water currents for most part

Question 14

_____ classes of echinoderms survive today; 23 extinct lineages

Answer 14

Five

Question 15

Which groups of Echinoderms have arms?

Answer 15

Includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers

Question 16

The phylum ___________ includes all vertebrates and some invertebrates

Answer 16

Chordata

Question 17

What 4 features do all chordates share?

Answer 17

pharyngeal gill slits
a dorsal supporting rod, the notochord
a dorsal hollow nerve cord
a muscular, post-anal tail
(All of these feastures are found at some stage of development)

Question 18

What do chordates become when they are adults

Answer 18

Sessile (anchored in the water)

Question 19

Filter prey from seawater with ________ baskets

Answer 19

pharyngeal

Question 20

Subphylum vertebrata: chordates with _______

Answer 20

backbones

Question 20

Vertebrates evolved jointed internal skeletons around a __________, which allowed rapid swimming

Answer 20

vertebral column

Question 21

What do Cephalochordata resemble

Answer 21

small fish

Question 22

How does Cephalochordata eat?

Answer 22

Filter prey from water with pharyngeal baskets

Question 23

Early vertebrates had no _______

Answer 23

jaws

Question 24

Jawed fishes rapidly became _________ marine and fresh water animals

Answer 24

dominant

Question 24

Jaws evolved from __________________, allowing grasping and chewing of prey

Answer 24

anterior gill arches

Question 25

Extant (living) jawless fishes: _______ & ________

Answer 25

lamprey and hagfish

Question 25

What 2 things did fishes evolved?

Answer 25

unjointed fins that controlled swimming movements and provided stability in water lunglike sacs for suspension

Question 26

What are the 2 existing groups of fishes?

Answer 26

Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes; sharks, skates & rays) Osteichthyes (bony fishes)

Question 27

_______ fishes come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes

Answer 27

Osteichthyes (bony)

Question 28

What two fish lineages evolved jointed fins?

Answer 28

lobe-fins and lungfishes

Question 28

Many species of fishes have ________. behaviors

Answer 28

complex

Question 29

____________, the first terrestrial vertebrates

Answer 29

Amphibians

Question 29

What did amphibians evolve from?

Answer 29

lobe-finned fish

Question 30

Most amphibians live in __________ for part of their lives, and their eggs must remain _______

Answer 30

water; moist

Question 31

Lobed fins: the Coelacanth

Answer 31

Indian ocean and off Africa's coast Thought extinct until 1938 Lobed fleshy fins show feature that led to amphibian legs

Question 32

What organism is the translation state between fin to limb?

Answer 32

TIKTAALIK

Question 33

Modern "reptiles" are members of four lineages

Answer 33

turtles and tortoises; tuataras; snakes and lizards, and crocodilians

Question 34

About 4,500 amphibian species alive today belong to three orders

Answer 34

caecilians frogs and toads salamanders

Question 35

Respiration through _______ and/or by________

Answer 35

skin (cutaneous) / lungs

Question 36

Birds arose about _______

Answer 36

175 mya

Question 37

What do most biologists now consider birds to be?

Answer 37

"feathered dinosaurs"

Question 38

What are birds mostly closely rated to?

Answer 38

crocodilians

Question 39

When did the Archaeopteryx live?

Answer 39

Lived ≈150 mya

Question 40

What did the first Archaeopteryx misidentified as?

Answer 40

A small nonavian dinosaur

Question 41

What did the late Archaeopteryx fossils show?

Answer 41

feathers

Question 42

What are the Dinosaur-like feature?

Answer 42

teeth, bony tail

Question 43

The 9,600 species of living birds are characterized by ________-, _______, and ________

Answer 43

feathers, high metabolic rates, and parental care

Question 44

__________- evolved during the Mesozoic era, about 225 mya, before dinosaurs became extinct

Answer 44

Mammals

Question 44

_______- of mammals are fertilized within the bodies of females, and _______ develop there before birth

Answer 44

Eggs; embryos

Question 45

The three mammal species in ____________ lineage lay eggs (only found in Australia & New Guinea)

Answer 45

Monotremata

Question 45

All other mammals give birth to ________

Answer 45

developed young

Question 45

What are some examples of The monotremes

Answer 45

Platypus and echidna.

Question 45

What are examples of the anthropoids?

Answer 45

tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans

Question 46

What are the two lineages that the primates split into?

Answer 46

prosimians and anthropoids

Question 46

_______ and _______ support the origin of Homo sapiens in Africa

Answer 46

DNA and fossil data

Question 47

What are examples of the prosimians

Answer 47

lemurs, lorises (also includes pottos, bush babies)

Question 48

___________- evolved in Africa from terrestrial, bipedal ancestors

Answer 48

Hominids

Question 49

________ evolved large brains, language, and culture

Answer 49

Early humans

Question 49

______-- numbers increased greatly

Answer 49

Human

Question 49

The human population has grown exponentially after ________, ________, and _________

Answer 49

agricultural, medical, and technological advances

Question 49

__________ early, stocky humans, 75,000-30,000 years ago, and developed tools, rituals, and domesticated plants and animals

Answer 49

Neanderthals

Question 49

Humans are _________ the globe and other biodiversity dramatically

Answer 49

impacting