Chapter 5 Seedless Plants Flashcards
What kingdom do plants belong to?
Plante
What type of eukaryotes are seedless plants?
photosynthetic eukaryotes
What chlorophylls do seedless plants use?
a and b
What are the carbohydrates store as in seedless plants?
starch
Seedless plant life cycles feature alternation of ________ (haploid) and ___________ (diploid) generations.
gametophyte and sporophyte
What do seedless plants develop that are protected by parental tissue?
embryos
Surviving phyla of plants grouped in two main categories:
Nontracheophytes
Tracheophytes
What phyla do land plants belong to?
Embryophytes
Land plants arose from a common _________ ancestor
green algal
What does desiccation mean?
Loss of water
What thing did land plants evolve to survive on land?
- Acquisition of a waxy cuticle (retards desiccation)
- Gametangia (protective cases for plant gametes)
- A protected embryo
protective pigments (from UV light) - Thick spore walls
Land plants are ___________: parents nourish their young
Embryophytes
___________ lack a true vascular system
Nontracheophytes
___________ are characterized by a vascular system
Tracheophytes
In Tracheophytes what is water and mineral-conducting vascular system called?
xylem
What are the different types of vascular tissue in land plants?
Xylem and Phloem
In Tracheophytes what is nutrient-conducting vascular system called?
phloem
The ___________ include the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
nontracheophytes
What phylum do mosses belong to?
Bryophyta
What phylum do liverworts belong to?
Hepaticophyta
In nontracheophytes, the sporophyte generation is smaller than the gametophyte generation and depends on the _________________________
gametophyte for water and nutrition
Prominent moss or liverwort body is the __________
gametophyte
What are the Nontracheophyte sex organs ?
Archegonium
Antheridium
What does the Nontracheophyte sex organ archegonium house?
The eggs
What does the Nontracheophyte sex organ antheridium house?
The sperm
The tracheophytes have vascular tissue with _________ and ________- designed to conduct water, minerals, and foods.
tracheids; specialized cells
Present-day tracheophytes are grouped into _______ phyla that form _______ major groups
seven; two
What are the two major groups of tracheophytes
Seedless plants and seed plants
In tracheophytes the sporophyte generation is larger than the gametophyte and ____________________
independent of the gametophyte generation
The prominent plant in tracheophytes in the life cycle is the ___________
sporophyte
What is the strong trend in land plant evolution?
Reduction of gametophyte
Phylum _________: Club mosses
Lycophyta
Phylum __________: Whisk ferns
Psilophyta
Phylum _____________: Horsetails (leaves in whorls)
Equisetophyta
Phylum _____________: Ferns (complex leaves)
Pteridophyta
Most ferns produce ________ on undersurface of leaves
sori/sorus (plural)
Each sorus is a cluster of many ____________
sporangia
Each sporangium releases many ___________
spores
The ________ is dominant phase in ferns
Sporophyte
Tiny, heart-shaped ____________ develops from spores in ferns
gametophyte
Fertilized________ (zygote) becomes new_______________ (fern plant)
egg; sporophyte
