Sedatives,Hypnotics and Anticonvulsants Flashcards
hypnotics definition
cause hypnosis(normal arousable sleep)
sedatives definition
reduce CNS exitation
do not induce sleep
what is hypnosis
normal arousable sleep
do sedatives & hypnotics possess analgesic(painkilling) effect
NO (only dull the perception of pain)
deep sleep is also known as
narcosis
difference between narcosis and hypnosis
narcosis is deep sleep
hypnosis is normal arousable sleep
why hypnotics are also called as narcotics
because at higher doses they cause narcosis(deep sleep)
name 3 hypnotics(B2 PC)
barbiturates
benzodiaz-epines
par-aldehyde
chloral hydrate
barbiturates are commonly used as hypnotics/sedatives in which species
dog & cat
name 4 barbiturates(BPAS)
barbitone
pheno-barbitone
amo-barbitone
seco-barbitone
name the 3 categories in which benzo-diaz-epines can be divided/name 3 purposes for which benzo-diaz-epines can be used
hypnotics
anxiolytics
anticonvulsants
name 3 hypnotic benzodiazepines(FND)
flurazepam
nitrazepam
diazepam
name 3 anxiolytic benzodiazepines(OLD)
oxazepam
lorazepam
diazepam
name 2 anticonvulsant benzodiazepines(DC)
diazepam
clonazepam
benzodiazepines are commonly used as hypnotic/sedative in which species
man & dog
name a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
flumazenil
when will you give flumazenil
to overcome the toxicity of benzodiazepines(as it is an antagonist)
MOA of benzodiazepines
only GABA facilitation
no GABA mimetic action
GABA mimetic action means
selective increase in Cl conductance
benzodiazepines act on which 2 systems
MIDBRAIN ascending reticular formation(sleep cycle) limbic system(mental functions)
pharmodynamics(PD) of benzodiazepines
high therapeutic index(no effect on Res. & other systems)
do not induce microsomal enzymes
do benzodiazepines have GABA mimetic action
NO
only GABA facilitatory action
benzodiazepines excretes through ________
urine
do benzodiazepines enter CNS
YES because it is lipid soluble
name a drug which is not benzodiazepine derivative but acts like one
zolpidem
MOA of zolpidem
acts on central benzodiazepine receptor & potentiates GABA action
route of benzodiazepine administration for sedation/hypnosis
orally
which hypnotic/sedative is used for large animals
chloral hydrate
chloral hydrate
- is given by which route
- @ what dose in cattle & horse
IV
5-7 gm/100 kg for both cattle & horse
paraldehyde is condensation product of _____________
3 molecules of acetaldehyde
what is the function of paraldehyde
potent short acting HYPNOTIC
3 therapeutic uses of hypnotic/sedatives
restrain excited animal(H/S)
induce sleep(only H)
preanaesthetic(H/S)
anticonvulsants definition
counteract nervous diseases/poisonings characterised by convulsions or epilepsy
how to memorize main anticonvulsants
PDC BG VL
P4 DC2 BG (VL)2
Punjab de DC de BiG VaL
name the P4 anticonvulsants
(fan poppi)
pheno-barbitone
pheny-toin
pro-pofol
pri-midone
name the DC2 anticonvulsants
(DIESAL paeya CAR ch te ohde 2 CLONE ban ge)
diaz-epam
car-bamaz-epine
clon-azepam
name the BG anticonvulsants
(brown ga)
bro-mide
ga-ba-pentin
name the (VL)2 anticonvulsants
(val vig lig lam)
val-proic acid
vig-a-batrin
liag-a-bine
lam-o-trigine
phenobarbitone as anticonvulsant
inhibit motor & sensory cerebral cortex
enhance GABA activity
inhibit glutamate mediated exitation
dose: cat=1-2 mg/kg orally 2x,dog=2-10 mg/kg orally 2x
phenytoin as anticonvulsant
inhibit motor area of cerebral cortex
block Na channels
dose: dog=6-30mg/kg orally 3x
phenytoin prolongs ______ time, which is reversed by ______
prothrombin
vit. K
which 2 drugs decrease metabolic breakdown of phenytoin
chloram-phenicol
phenyl-butazone
propofol as anticonvulsant
also a GABA agonist
dose: dog & cat=1-2 mg/kg IV
primidone as anticonvulsant
prodrug,converted to phenobarbitone(active metabolite) in liver
dose:dog=10-30mg/kg orally @ 8hrs interval
primidone is a prodrug for __________
phenobarbitone
which drug can reduce metabolic breakdown of primidone
chloramphenicol
chloramphenicol is used to increase activity & decrease breakdown of which 2 anticonvulsants
phenytoin
primidone
diazepam as as anticonvulsant
most commonly used benzodiazepine
drug of choice in status epilepticus in dog
not given orally(poor absorption)
GABA facilitatory action
which is the most comonly used benzodiazepine
diazepam(also DOC for status epilepticus in dogs)
which is the drug of choice for status epilepticus in dogs and it is given at what dose
diazepam(also most comonly used benzodiazepine)
dose: 0.5-1.5 mg/kg IV , repeat within 30 min to 2 hours
car-bamaz-epine as anticonvulsant
acts by decreasing exitability by BLOCKING Na CHANNELS
clon-azepam as anticonvulsant
a benzodiazepine for dog
dose: 0.5 mg/kg orally 2x
bromide as anticonvulsant
sodium or pottasium salt
gabapentin as anticonvulsant
prevents release of GLUTAMIC ACID(central excitory transmittor) from glutaminergic nerve terminals
valproic acid as anticonvulsant
sodium channel blocker(like phenytoin & car-bamaz-epine)
decreases DEGRADATION of GABA(like vigabatrin)
dose: dog=10-50 mg/kg 3x
vigabatrin as anticonvulsant
decrease degradation of GABA(like valproic acid)
liag-abine as anticonvulsant
inhibits degradation of GABA
lamo-trigine as anticonvulsant
blocks presynaptic Na channels
reduce release of glutamic acid(excitatory neurotransmittor)
how do certain anticonvulsants decrease degradation of GABA
they inhibit “GABA transaminase” which inactivates GABA
which anticonvulsants bock Na channels
phenytoin
car-bamaz-epine
valproic acid
lamo-trigine
which anticonvulsants inhibit glutamic acid secretion
pheno-barbitone
gaba-pentin
limo-trigine
pro-pofol
name the anticonvulsants which prevent degradation of GABA
valproic acid
vig-abatrin
liag-abin
