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PHARMA > Sedatives,Hypnotics and Anticonvulsants > Flashcards

Sedatives,Hypnotics and Anticonvulsants Flashcards

0
Q

hypnotics definition

A

cause hypnosis(normal arousable sleep)

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1
Q

sedatives definition

A

reduce CNS exitation

do not induce sleep

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2
Q

what is hypnosis

A

normal arousable sleep

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3
Q

do sedatives & hypnotics possess analgesic(painkilling) effect

A

NO (only dull the perception of pain)

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4
Q

deep sleep is also known as

A

narcosis

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5
Q

difference between narcosis and hypnosis

A

narcosis is deep sleep

hypnosis is normal arousable sleep

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6
Q

why hypnotics are also called as narcotics

A

because at higher doses they cause narcosis(deep sleep)

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7
Q

name 3 hypnotics(B2 PC)

A

barbiturates
benzodiaz-epines
par-aldehyde
chloral hydrate

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8
Q

barbiturates are commonly used as hypnotics/sedatives in which species

A

dog & cat

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9
Q

name 4 barbiturates(BPAS)

A

barbitone
pheno-barbitone
amo-barbitone
seco-barbitone

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10
Q

name the 3 categories in which benzo-diaz-epines can be divided/name 3 purposes for which benzo-diaz-epines can be used

A

hypnotics
anxiolytics
anticonvulsants

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11
Q

name 3 hypnotic benzodiazepines(FND)

A

flurazepam
nitrazepam
diazepam

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12
Q

name 3 anxiolytic benzodiazepines(OLD)

A

oxazepam
lorazepam
diazepam

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13
Q

name 2 anticonvulsant benzodiazepines(DC)

A

diazepam

clonazepam

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14
Q

benzodiazepines are commonly used as hypnotic/sedative in which species

A

man & dog

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15
Q

name a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

A

flumazenil

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16
Q

when will you give flumazenil

A

to overcome the toxicity of benzodiazepines(as it is an antagonist)

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17
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines

A

only GABA facilitation

no GABA mimetic action

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18
Q

GABA mimetic action means

A

selective increase in Cl conductance

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19
Q

benzodiazepines act on which 2 systems

A 
MIDBRAIN ascending reticular formation(sleep cycle)
limbic system(mental functions)
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20
Q

pharmodynamics(PD) of benzodiazepines

A

high therapeutic index(no effect on Res. & other systems)

do not induce microsomal enzymes

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21
Q

do benzodiazepines have GABA mimetic action

A

NO

only GABA facilitatory action

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22
Q

benzodiazepines excretes through ________

A

urine

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23
Q

do benzodiazepines enter CNS

A

YES because it is lipid soluble

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24
Q

name a drug which is not benzodiazepine derivative but acts like one

A

zolpidem

25
Q

MOA of zolpidem

A

acts on central benzodiazepine receptor & potentiates GABA action

26
Q

route of benzodiazepine administration for sedation/hypnosis

A

orally

27
Q

which hypnotic/sedative is used for large animals

A

chloral hydrate

28
Q

chloral hydrate

  1. is given by which route
  2. @ what dose in cattle & horse
A

IV

5-7 gm/100 kg for both cattle & horse

29
Q

paraldehyde is condensation product of _____________

A

3 molecules of acetaldehyde

30
Q

what is the function of paraldehyde

A

potent short acting HYPNOTIC

31
Q

3 therapeutic uses of hypnotic/sedatives

A

restrain excited animal(H/S)
induce sleep(only H)
preanaesthetic(H/S)

32
Q

anticonvulsants definition

A

counteract nervous diseases/poisonings characterised by convulsions or epilepsy

33
Q

how to memorize main anticonvulsants

PDC BG VL

A

P4 DC2 BG (VL)2

Punjab de DC de BiG VaL

34
Q

name the P4 anticonvulsants

A

(fan poppi)

pheno-barbitone
pheny-toin
pro-pofol
pri-midone

35
Q

name the DC2 anticonvulsants

A

(DIESAL paeya CAR ch te ohde 2 CLONE ban ge)

diaz-epam
car-bamaz-epine
clon-azepam

36
Q

name the BG anticonvulsants

A

(brown ga)

bro-mide
ga-ba-pentin

37
Q

name the (VL)2 anticonvulsants

A

(val vig lig lam)

val-proic acid
vig-a-batrin
liag-a-bine
lam-o-trigine

38
Q

phenobarbitone as anticonvulsant

A

inhibit motor & sensory cerebral cortex
enhance GABA activity
inhibit glutamate mediated exitation
dose: cat=1-2 mg/kg orally 2x,dog=2-10 mg/kg orally 2x

39
Q

phenytoin as anticonvulsant

A

inhibit motor area of cerebral cortex
block Na channels
dose: dog=6-30mg/kg orally 3x

40
Q

phenytoin prolongs ______ time, which is reversed by ______

A

prothrombin

vit. K

41
Q

which 2 drugs decrease metabolic breakdown of phenytoin

A

chloram-phenicol

phenyl-butazone

42
Q

propofol as anticonvulsant

A

also a GABA agonist

dose: dog & cat=1-2 mg/kg IV

43
Q

primidone as anticonvulsant

A

prodrug,converted to phenobarbitone(active metabolite) in liver
dose:dog=10-30mg/kg orally @ 8hrs interval

44
Q

primidone is a prodrug for __________

A

phenobarbitone

45
Q

which drug can reduce metabolic breakdown of primidone

A

chloramphenicol

46
Q

chloramphenicol is used to increase activity & decrease breakdown of which 2 anticonvulsants

A

phenytoin

primidone

47
Q

diazepam as as anticonvulsant

A

most commonly used benzodiazepine
drug of choice in status epilepticus in dog
not given orally(poor absorption)
GABA facilitatory action

48
Q

which is the most comonly used benzodiazepine

A

diazepam(also DOC for status epilepticus in dogs)

49
Q

which is the drug of choice for status epilepticus in dogs and it is given at what dose

A

diazepam(also most comonly used benzodiazepine)

dose: 0.5-1.5 mg/kg IV , repeat within 30 min to 2 hours

50
Q

car-bamaz-epine as anticonvulsant

A

acts by decreasing exitability by BLOCKING Na CHANNELS

51
Q

clon-azepam as anticonvulsant

A

a benzodiazepine for dog

dose: 0.5 mg/kg orally 2x

52
Q

bromide as anticonvulsant

A

sodium or pottasium salt

53
Q

gabapentin as anticonvulsant

A

prevents release of GLUTAMIC ACID(central excitory transmittor) from glutaminergic nerve terminals

54
Q

valproic acid as anticonvulsant

A

sodium channel blocker(like phenytoin & car-bamaz-epine)
decreases DEGRADATION of GABA(like vigabatrin)
dose: dog=10-50 mg/kg 3x

55
Q

vigabatrin as anticonvulsant

A

decrease degradation of GABA(like valproic acid)

56
Q

liag-abine as anticonvulsant

A

inhibits degradation of GABA

57
Q

lamo-trigine as anticonvulsant

A

blocks presynaptic Na channels

reduce release of glutamic acid(excitatory neurotransmittor)

58
Q

how do certain anticonvulsants decrease degradation of GABA

A

they inhibit “GABA transaminase” which inactivates GABA

59
Q

which anticonvulsants bock Na channels

A

phenytoin
car-bamaz-epine
valproic acid
lamo-trigine

60
Q

which anticonvulsants inhibit glutamic acid secretion

A

pheno-barbitone
gaba-pentin
limo-trigine
pro-pofol

61
Q

name the anticonvulsants which prevent degradation of GABA

A

valproic acid
vig-abatrin
liag-abin

PHARMA (10 decks)

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