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PHARMA > intravenous anaesthetics > Flashcards

intravenous anaesthetics Flashcards

0
Q

among all form of anaesthesias, which form is most preferred and why?

A

IV anaethetics

smooth recovery with no complicationa

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1
Q

is VOMITATION present or absent when we give IV anaethetics

A

ABSENT

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2
Q

IV anaethetics are contraindicated in case of _________ & _________

A

hepatic dz

renal dz

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3
Q

do IV anaethetics cause adequate skeletal muscle relaxation

A

NO

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4
Q

2 NO’S of IV anaethetics

A

no VOMITATION

no adequate skeletal muscle relaxation

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5
Q

why IV anaethetics are unsuitable for CESAREAN SECTION

A

they depress foetal respiration

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6
Q

barbiturates are derivatives of _____________

A

malonyl urea

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7
Q

barbiturates were first synthesized by _______ & ________

A

conrad

gutzeit

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8
Q

________ & ________ discovered the hypnotic activity of barbiturates

A

fischer

von mering

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9
Q

fischer & von maring named barbiturates as _______

A

veronal

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10
Q

___________ named malonyl-urea as barbituric acid

A

baeyer

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11
Q

name the 4 categories of barbiturates (LISU)

A 
long acting(4-6 hrs)
intermediate acting(2-4 hrs)
short acting(1-2 hrs)
ultra short acting(20-40 min)
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12
Q

name 2 long acting barbiturates

A

barbitone

pheno-barbitone

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13
Q

name 2 intermediate acting barbiturates

A

pento-barbitone

buto-barbitone

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14
Q

name 1 short acting barbiturates

A

seco-barbitone

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15
Q

name 2 ultra short acting barbiturates

A

thio-pentone

thia-mylal

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16
Q

which category of barbiturates has sulphur at C2

A

ultra short acting (thio-pentone , thia-mylal)

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17
Q

name the 2 barbiturates having ALLYL group at R1

A

seco-barbitone(short)

thia-mylal(ultra)

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18
Q

except seco-barbitone & thia-mylal, all other barbiturates have _______ group at R1

A

Ethyl

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19
Q

barbitone has _______ group at R2

A

ethyl (both at R1 & R2)

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20
Q

name a barbiturate having Ethyl group both at R1 & R2

A

barbitone

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21
Q

buto-barbitone has ______ group at R2

A

butyl

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22
Q

all barbiturates except barbitone,pheno-barbitone,buto-barbitone have __________ group at R2

A

1-methylbutyl

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23
Q

pheno-barbitone has _______ group at R2

A

phenyl

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24
Q

all barbiturates have ethyl at R1 except _____________ , ___________

A

seco-barbitone

thia-mylal

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25
Q

all barbiturates have 1-methylbutyl at R2 except ____________,____________,___________

A

barbitone(ethyl)
pheno-barbitone(phenyl)
buto-barbitone(butyl)

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26
Q

urea+malonic acid=_____________

A

malonyl urea(barbituric acid)

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27
Q

barbituric acid has _________ nucleus

A

pyri-midine

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28
Q

does barbituric acid have CNS depressant activity

A

NO

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29
Q

how to induce CNS depressant activity in BARBITURIC ACID

A

by subsitution at C5(R1 & R2)

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30
Q

which subsitution can be done to increasing duration of action of BARBITURIC ACID

A

short chain subsitution at R1 & R2(as it resists oxidation)

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31
Q

which subsitution can be done to decreasing duration of action of BARBITURIC ACID

A

-long chain subsitution of R1 & R1
-replace oxygen at C2 with sulphur
(as it promotes oxidation)

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32
Q

name the subsitution done to destroy the CNS depressant activity of barbiturates

A

replace oxygen at C2 with HN= group

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33
Q

for CNS depression, the subsitutions at C5(R1 & R2) should not be less than ____ and not more than _____ for barbituric acid.

A

4

8

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34
Q

if the subsitutions at C5 will be more than 9 carbon atoms, then what will happen

A

the compound will become CONVULSANT

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35
Q

MOA of barbiturates

A
  1. GABA facilitatory & mimetic action
  2. prevent release of neurotransmitter(GLUTAMATE,ACh,NER)
  3. depress Na & K permeability
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36
Q

what do barbiturates do at GABA receptor

A

modulate binding of GABA to its receptor

modulate binding of benzodiazepine to its receptor

37
Q

how do barbiturates prevent release of neurotransmitter like GLUTAMATE

A

by ANTAGONISM of Ca ion

38
Q

what is the effect of high doses of Barbiturates on KIDNEY

A

oliguria/anuria

due to reduced renal blood flow

39
Q

effect of Barbiturates on SKELETAL muscles

A

NO relaxation

40
Q

effect of Barbiturates on smooth muscles

A

NO effect except UTERUS & GI TRACT

41
Q

what is the effect of Barbiturates on GI tract & uterus

A

GI tract- decrease motility

uterus- depress uterine contractions

42
Q

route of barbiturate administration

A

orally & IV

43
Q

highly lipid soluble barbiturates are excreted by __________

A

redistribution

44
Q

intermediate lipid soluble Barbiturates are excreted through __________

A

hepatic microsomal metabolism

45
Q

low lipid soluble Barbiturates are excreted through ___________

A

renal excretion

46
Q

name a highly soluble Barbiturate

A

thio-pentone

47
Q

name a less lipid soluble Barbiturate

A

pheno-barbitone

48
Q

plasma protein binding of THIO-PENTONE is _________

A

75%

49
Q

plasma protein binding of PHENO-BARBITONE is _____%

A

20

50
Q

method of giving THIO-PENTONE

A

half of total = injected rapidly

reminder= slowly by observing level fo anaesthsia

51
Q

name the 3 categories of IV anaesthesia

A
  1. Barbiturate
  2. Chloral Hydrate
  3. Dissociative Anaesthesia
52
Q

chloral hydrate has _____ margin of safety

A

LOW

53
Q

chloral hydrate has _____ analgesic effect & ________ hynotic effect

A

poor
satisfactory
(means it induces SLEEP but patient can FEEL PAIN if harmed)

54
Q

chloral hydrate is reduced in liver to _________

A

tri-chloro-ethanol

55
Q

route of giving chloral hydrate

A

orally

56
Q

name 2 modifications of chloral hydrate used as IV anaesthesia

A
  1. Chlormag anaesthesia

2. Chlorpent anaesthesia

57
Q

Chlormag anaesthesia is combo of ____________ + _____________

A

chloral hydrate

magnesium sulphate

58
Q

Chlorpent anaesthesia is combo of _______ + _______ + _______

A

CHLORal hydrate
magnesium sulphate
PENTobarbitone

59
Q

chlormag & chlorpent anaesthesia are given by _____ in ______ animals

A

IV

large

60
Q

concentration of Chlormag anaesthesia

A

-12% CH
-6% mag. sulphate
total 400 ml in horse & cattle

61
Q

concentration of Chlorpent anaesthesia

A

-3% CH
-1.5% mag. sul.
-0.6% pentobarbitone
total 600 ml

62
Q

what are curariform drugs

A

which produce muscle relaxation

63
Q

curariform drugs means

A

drugs which produce muscle relaxation

64
Q

in chlormag anaesthesia which component produces which effect

A

chloral hydrate= hypnosis

magnesium sulphate=curariform effect

65
Q

what are dissociative Anaesthesics called so?

A

the patient is completely DISSOCIATED from the enviroment (unaware of the surroundings)

66
Q

main 2 characteristics of DISSOCIATIVE anaesthetics

A
  • paralysis of movement without loss of consciousness

- increase in skeletal muscle tone(catalepsy)

67
Q

dissociative anaesthetics are aka as ___________ anaesthetics

A

cataleptoid

68
Q

what is the main difference of dissociative anaesthetics from others in relation to effect of CV system?

A

increase BP (all others decrease)

69
Q

MOA of dissociative anaesthetics

A
  • antagonism of glutamate

- interfere with neuronal transport of 5-HT,dopamine,NE

70
Q

what is glutamate?

A

excitory amino acid

71
Q

how do dissociative anaesthetics antagonise GLUTAMATE

A

by binding at “NMDA type glutamate receptor”

72
Q

name 3 dissociative anaesthetics

A
  1. Phen-cycli-dine
  2. Keta-mine
  3. Tilet-amine
73
Q

how to memorise the 3 dissociative anaesthetics

A

FAN peya agle bane vich CYCLE, vichkar baithi CAT te thale ohde MINE, last seat te paia TILE

74
Q

name a steroidal anaesthetic

A

Althesin

75
Q

ALTHESIN anaesthetic contain 2 steroids i.e.

A
  • steroid 1= alpha-xalone

- steroid 2= alpha-dolone acetate

76
Q

contra-indications of ALTHESIN

A
  • not to be used in DOGS

- not to be used with BARBITURATES

77
Q

why ALTHESIN not to be used in dogs?

A

it causes HISTAMINE release resulting in CV SHOCK

78
Q

____________ is an OILY LIQUID anaesthetic

A

PROPOFOL

79
Q

name 3 drugs which induce rapid anaesthesia & are metabolised more quickly than barbiturates

A
  • althesin
  • propofol
  • etom-idate
80
Q

which IV anaesthetic is commonly used in LAB animals

A

Ure-thane

81
Q

Ure-thane is also known as __________

A

ethyl carbamate

82
Q

Urethane is used in ________ animals

A

lab

83
Q

name a anaesthetic used as sedative for ENDOSCOPY & other PROBING PROCEDURES

A

Mida-zolam

84
Q

_________ is given as pre-anaesthetic for emptying GI tract before GI surgery

A

purgative

85
Q

_________ is given as pre-anaesthetic for sterilizing GIT before GI surgery

A

Anti-biotics

86
Q

name 2 pre-anaesthetics gven to prevent VOMITATION during induction/recovery of anaesthesia

A

ace-promazine

chlor-promazine

87
Q

name 2 pre-anaesthetic given to cause skeletal muscle relaxation

A

diaz-epam

xyla-zine

88
Q

name 2 pre-anaesthetics given to prevent secretions & prevent cardiac arrest

A

atropine

glyco-pyrrolate

89
Q

name 4 pre-anaesthetic which are used for most purposes

A

BACM

butor-phanol
ace-promazine
chlor-promazine
morphine

90
Q

BACM pre-anaesthetics are used for which 4 objectives

A

RATE

  • RAPID induction
  • supplement ANALGESIC action
  • minimize TOXICITY
  • EXITED animal

PHARMA (10 decks)

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