intravenous anaesthetics Flashcards
0
Q
among all form of anaesthesias, which form is most preferred and why?
A
IV anaethetics
smooth recovery with no complicationa
1
Q
is VOMITATION present or absent when we give IV anaethetics
A
ABSENT
2
Q
IV anaethetics are contraindicated in case of _________ & _________
A
hepatic dz
renal dz
3
Q
do IV anaethetics cause adequate skeletal muscle relaxation
A
NO
4
Q
2 NO’S of IV anaethetics
A
no VOMITATION
no adequate skeletal muscle relaxation
5
Q
why IV anaethetics are unsuitable for CESAREAN SECTION
A
they depress foetal respiration
6
Q
barbiturates are derivatives of _____________
A
malonyl urea
7
Q
barbiturates were first synthesized by _______ & ________
A
conrad
gutzeit
8
Q
________ & ________ discovered the hypnotic activity of barbiturates
A
fischer
von mering
9
Q
fischer & von maring named barbiturates as _______
A
veronal
10
Q
___________ named malonyl-urea as barbituric acid
A
baeyer
11
Q
name the 4 categories of barbiturates (LISU)
A
long acting(4-6 hrs) intermediate acting(2-4 hrs) short acting(1-2 hrs) ultra short acting(20-40 min)
12
Q
name 2 long acting barbiturates
A
barbitone
pheno-barbitone
13
Q
name 2 intermediate acting barbiturates
A
pento-barbitone
buto-barbitone
14
Q
name 1 short acting barbiturates
A
seco-barbitone
15
Q
name 2 ultra short acting barbiturates
A
thio-pentone
thia-mylal
16
Q
which category of barbiturates has sulphur at C2
A
ultra short acting (thio-pentone , thia-mylal)
17
Q
name the 2 barbiturates having ALLYL group at R1
A
seco-barbitone(short)
thia-mylal(ultra)
18
Q
except seco-barbitone & thia-mylal, all other barbiturates have _______ group at R1
A
Ethyl
19
Q
barbitone has _______ group at R2
A
ethyl (both at R1 & R2)
20
Q
name a barbiturate having Ethyl group both at R1 & R2
A
barbitone
21
Q
buto-barbitone has ______ group at R2
A
butyl
22
Q
all barbiturates except barbitone,pheno-barbitone,buto-barbitone have __________ group at R2
A
1-methylbutyl
23
Q
pheno-barbitone has _______ group at R2
A
phenyl
24
all barbiturates have ethyl at R1 except _____________ , ___________
seco-barbitone
| thia-mylal
25
all barbiturates have 1-methylbutyl at R2 except ____________,____________,___________
barbitone(ethyl)
pheno-barbitone(phenyl)
buto-barbitone(butyl)
26
urea+malonic acid=_____________
malonyl urea(barbituric acid)
27
barbituric acid has _________ nucleus
pyri-midine
28
does barbituric acid have CNS depressant activity
NO
29
how to induce CNS depressant activity in BARBITURIC ACID
by subsitution at C5(R1 & R2)
30
which subsitution can be done to increasing duration of action of BARBITURIC ACID
short chain subsitution at R1 & R2(as it resists oxidation)
31
which subsitution can be done to decreasing duration of action of BARBITURIC ACID
-long chain subsitution of R1 & R1
-replace oxygen at C2 with sulphur
(as it promotes oxidation)
32
name the subsitution done to destroy the CNS depressant activity of barbiturates
replace oxygen at C2 with HN= group
33
for CNS depression, the subsitutions at C5(R1 & R2) should not be less than ____ and not more than _____ for barbituric acid.
4
| 8
34
if the subsitutions at C5 will be more than 9 carbon atoms, then what will happen
the compound will become CONVULSANT
35
MOA of barbiturates
1. GABA facilitatory & mimetic action
2. prevent release of neurotransmitter(GLUTAMATE,ACh,NER)
3. depress Na & K permeability
36
what do barbiturates do at GABA receptor
modulate binding of GABA to its receptor
| modulate binding of benzodiazepine to its receptor
37
how do barbiturates prevent release of neurotransmitter like GLUTAMATE
by ANTAGONISM of Ca ion
38
what is the effect of high doses of Barbiturates on KIDNEY
oliguria/anuria
| due to reduced renal blood flow
39
effect of Barbiturates on SKELETAL muscles
NO relaxation
40
effect of Barbiturates on smooth muscles
NO effect except UTERUS & GI TRACT
41
what is the effect of Barbiturates on GI tract & uterus
GI tract- decrease motility
| uterus- depress uterine contractions
42
route of barbiturate administration
orally & IV
43
highly lipid soluble barbiturates are excreted by __________
redistribution
44
intermediate lipid soluble Barbiturates are excreted through __________
hepatic microsomal metabolism
45
low lipid soluble Barbiturates are excreted through ___________
renal excretion
46
name a highly soluble Barbiturate
thio-pentone
47
name a less lipid soluble Barbiturate
pheno-barbitone
48
plasma protein binding of THIO-PENTONE is _________
75%
49
plasma protein binding of PHENO-BARBITONE is _____%
20
50
method of giving THIO-PENTONE
half of total = injected rapidly
| reminder= slowly by observing level fo anaesthsia
51
name the 3 categories of IV anaesthesia
1. Barbiturate
2. Chloral Hydrate
3. Dissociative Anaesthesia
52
chloral hydrate has _____ margin of safety
LOW
53
chloral hydrate has _____ analgesic effect & ________ hynotic effect
poor
satisfactory
(means it induces SLEEP but patient can FEEL PAIN if harmed)
54
chloral hydrate is reduced in liver to _________
tri-chloro-ethanol
55
route of giving chloral hydrate
orally
56
name 2 modifications of chloral hydrate used as IV anaesthesia
1. Chlormag anaesthesia
| 2. Chlorpent anaesthesia
57
Chlormag anaesthesia is combo of ____________ + _____________
chloral hydrate
| magnesium sulphate
58
Chlorpent anaesthesia is combo of _______ + _______ + _______
CHLORal hydrate
magnesium sulphate
PENTobarbitone
59
chlormag & chlorpent anaesthesia are given by _____ in ______ animals
IV
| large
60
concentration of Chlormag anaesthesia
-12% CH
-6% mag. sulphate
total 400 ml in horse & cattle
61
concentration of Chlorpent anaesthesia
-3% CH
-1.5% mag. sul.
-0.6% pentobarbitone
total 600 ml
62
what are curariform drugs
which produce muscle relaxation
63
curariform drugs means
drugs which produce muscle relaxation
64
in chlormag anaesthesia which component produces which effect
chloral hydrate= hypnosis
| magnesium sulphate=curariform effect
65
what are dissociative Anaesthesics called so?
the patient is completely DISSOCIATED from the enviroment (unaware of the surroundings)
66
main 2 characteristics of DISSOCIATIVE anaesthetics
- paralysis of movement without loss of consciousness
| - increase in skeletal muscle tone(catalepsy)
67
dissociative anaesthetics are aka as ___________ anaesthetics
cataleptoid
68
what is the main difference of dissociative anaesthetics from others in relation to effect of CV system?
increase BP (all others decrease)
69
MOA of dissociative anaesthetics
- antagonism of glutamate
| - interfere with neuronal transport of 5-HT,dopamine,NE
70
what is glutamate?
excitory amino acid
71
how do dissociative anaesthetics antagonise GLUTAMATE
by binding at "NMDA type glutamate receptor"
72
name 3 dissociative anaesthetics
1. Phen-cycli-dine
2. Keta-mine
3. Tilet-amine
73
how to memorise the 3 dissociative anaesthetics
FAN peya agle bane vich CYCLE, vichkar baithi CAT te thale ohde MINE, last seat te paia TILE
74
name a steroidal anaesthetic
Althesin
75
ALTHESIN anaesthetic contain 2 steroids i.e.
- steroid 1= alpha-xalone
| - steroid 2= alpha-dolone acetate
76
contra-indications of ALTHESIN
- not to be used in DOGS
| - not to be used with BARBITURATES
77
why ALTHESIN not to be used in dogs?
it causes HISTAMINE release resulting in CV SHOCK
78
____________ is an OILY LIQUID anaesthetic
PROPOFOL
79
name 3 drugs which induce rapid anaesthesia & are metabolised more quickly than barbiturates
- althesin
- propofol
- etom-idate
80
which IV anaesthetic is commonly used in LAB animals
Ure-thane
81
Ure-thane is also known as __________
ethyl carbamate
82
Urethane is used in ________ animals
lab
83
name a anaesthetic used as sedative for ENDOSCOPY & other PROBING PROCEDURES
Mida-zolam
84
_________ is given as pre-anaesthetic for emptying GI tract before GI surgery
purgative
85
_________ is given as pre-anaesthetic for sterilizing GIT before GI surgery
Anti-biotics
86
name 2 pre-anaesthetics gven to prevent VOMITATION during induction/recovery of anaesthesia
ace-promazine
| chlor-promazine
87
name 2 pre-anaesthetic given to cause skeletal muscle relaxation
diaz-epam
| xyla-zine
88
name 2 pre-anaesthetics given to prevent secretions & prevent cardiac arrest
atropine
| glyco-pyrrolate
89
name 4 pre-anaesthetic which are used for most purposes
BACM
butor-phanol
ace-promazine
chlor-promazine
morphine
90
BACM pre-anaesthetics are used for which 4 objectives
RATE
- RAPID induction
- supplement ANALGESIC action
- minimize TOXICITY
- EXITED animal
