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pharma > Analgesics > Flashcards

Analgesics Flashcards

0
Q

hyper-algesia means

A

enchanced pain

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1
Q

algesia means

A

pain

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2
Q

anal-gesia means

A

loss of pain sensation

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3
Q

difference in anaethetic & analgesic

A

anaethetic- loss of sensation

analgesic- loss of pain sensation

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4
Q

classify analgesic

A

narcotic(opioid analgesics)

non-narcotic(NSAIDs)

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5
Q

narcotic analgesics are also known as _________

A

opioid analgesics

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6
Q

define narcotic analgesic

A

cause analgesia accompanied by narcosis(deep sleep)

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7
Q

non-narcotic analgesics are also known as _______

A

NSAIDs

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8
Q

define non-narcotic analgesics

A

cause analgesia without narcosis

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9
Q

narcotic analgesics can further be subdivided into

A

opium alkaloids
morphine derivatives
morphine subsitutes

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10
Q

____________ analgesics produce anti-inflamatory and anti-pyretic effect

A

non-narcotic

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11
Q

_________ analgesic is used for superficial pain

A

non-narcotic

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12
Q

_________ analgesic is used for deep seated pain

A

narcotic

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13
Q

an ideal analgesic should have _________(short/long) duration

A

long

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14
Q

opium is a ________ derieved from _________

A

dried exudate

unripe seed capsules of poppy plant(papaver somniferum)

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15
Q

opium contains _______ alkaloids

A

32

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16
Q

opium alkaloids can be divided into ___ groups

A

2

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17
Q

name the 2 groups into which opium can be divided

A

phen-anthrene group

benzyl-iso-quinoline group

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18
Q

name 3 morphine alkaloids under PHEN-ANTHRENE group

A

the-baine
morphine
codeine

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19
Q

name 3 morphine alkaloids under benzyl-iso-quinoline group(PN2)

A

papa-verine
nos-capine
nar-ceine

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20
Q

difference between phen-anthrene group & benzyl-iso-quinolene group

A

CNS: moe depression or excitation
more analgesia
spasmogenic
addiction common

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21
Q

except ________ ,all akaloids of phen-anthrene group produce significant analgesia

A

thebaine

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22
Q

_____________ group of opium alkaloids are spasmolytic

A

benzyl-iso-quino-lene

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23
Q

_____________ is the principal akaloid of opium

A

morphine

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24
Q

name the first plant alkaloid isolated?

A

morphine

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25
Q

opioid prototype

A

morphine

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26
Q

morphine produces _____phoria

A

eu-phoria

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27
Q

morphine produces CNS depression in which species?

A

man
monkey
dog

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28
Q

morphine produces CNS excitation in which species?

A

cat
ruminants
horse

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29
Q

morphine blocks _____________ transmission

A

no-cieption

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30
Q

does morphine impair motor activity while performing its action?

A

NO

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31
Q

name a MIXED AGONIST-ANTAGONIST of opium alkaloids

A

pentazocine

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32
Q

pentazocine is an agonist for _____ receptor and antagonist for _____ receptor

A

k

u

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33
Q

what is penta-zocine

A

mixed agonist antagonist for opium alkaloids

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34
Q

name some chemical mediators of pain and inflammation

A 
substance P
bradykinin
5-HT
histamine
prostaglandin
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35
Q

pain sensation is ultimately felt at ___________

A

cerebral cortex

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36
Q

define opioid peptides

A

endogenous mediators which mimic the effects of morphine

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37
Q

name few opioid peptides

A

leucine enkephalin
methionine enkephalin
dynorphin
b-edorphin

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38
Q

MOA of opioids

A

decrease interacellular 2nd messenger cAMP
opening of K channels
inhibition of Ca channels

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39
Q

morphine is metabolized into _________ & ___________

A

morphine 3 gluc-uronide

morphine 6 gluc-uronide

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40
Q

tell about morphine 3 glucuronide

A

is a morphine antagonist

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41
Q

tell about morphine 6 glucuronide

A

more analgesic effect than morphine

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42
Q

two symptoms of morphin toxicity

A

CNS exitation

constipation

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43
Q

3 symptoms of morphine withdrawl syndrome

A

hyper-irritability
excessive motor activity
teeth chattering

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44
Q

name morphine derivatives (MOD3 AH)

A 
methyl moprhine
oxy-morphine
dimethyl-morphine
diacetyl-morphine
dhydroxy-morphine
apo-morphine
hydro-morphine
45
Q

methyl morphine is also known as _________

A

codeine

46
Q

methyl morphine is also used as a ___________

A

anti-tussive

47
Q

di-methyl morphine is also known as ___________

A

the-baine

48
Q

di-acetylmorphine is also known as

A

heroin

49
Q

which morphine derivative has potent central EMETIC action

A

apo-morphine

50
Q

are morphine derivatives related to morphine in structure

A

yes

51
Q

are morphine subsitutes related to morphine in chemical structure

A

NO

52
Q

name morphine subsitutes(LM2N FB)

A 
loper-amide
metha-done
meperidine
nal-buphine
fentanyl
butor-phanol
53
Q

meperidine

A

causes restlessness than sedation

anti-muscarinic effect

54
Q

name a morphine subsitute whose duration of action is LONGER than morphine

A

methadone

55
Q

name a morphine subsitute whose duration of action is SHORTER than morphine & is more POTENT

A

fentanyl

56
Q

name a morphine subsitute used in inflammatory bowel syndrome

A

loperamide

57
Q

name an opiate anti-diarrhoeal

A

loperamide

58
Q

droperidol + fentanyl combination is used as ____________

A

neuro-lept-analgesic

59
Q

dose of fentanyl+droperidol combo

A

1 ml contain 0.4 mg fentanyl & 20 mg droperidol

60
Q

neurlo-lept-analgesia means

A

analgesia + neurolepsia i.e. tranquility

61
Q

thebaine derivatives are used for which purpose

A

neuro-lept-analgesia(same as fentanyl + droperidol combo)

62
Q

name two thebaine derivatives

A

etropine

bupernorphine

63
Q

etrophine is ______ times more potent than morphine

A

1000

64
Q

name few narcotic/opioid antagonists

A

nal-oxone
nal-trexone
nal-mefone

65
Q

___________ is considered as a pure antagonist of narcotic/opoid analgesics

A

nal-mefone

66
Q

name a derivative of morphine which is a potent central emetic

A

apo-morphine

67
Q

nal-orphine is a partial agonist for ______ receptors and antagonist for ______ receptors of morphine

A

kappa

mu

68
Q

3 effects of NSAIDs

A

analgesic(for pain)
anti-pyretic(for fever)
anti-inflammatory

69
Q

classification of NSAIDS

A

non selective COX inhibitors
slight to moderate COX-2 inhibitors
highly selective COX-2 inhibitors

70
Q

non-selective COX inhibitors have selective _______ and slight _______ inhibition

A

COX-1

COX-2

71
Q

slight to moderate selective COX-2 inhibitors cause __________ fold COX-2 inhibition

A

<5 to 50

72
Q

highly selective COX-2 inhibitors cause ______ fold COX-2 inhibition

A

> 50

73
Q

do moderate and highly selective COX-2 inhibitors possess COX-1 inhibition also

A

yes they do
moderate-full
highly-some

74
Q

which COX is more important in fever

A

COX-2

75
Q

which COX is more important for digestion

A

COX-1

76
Q

temperature is maintained by thermostat in ________

A

hypothalamus

77
Q

is normal body temperature effected by NSAIDs

A

no

78
Q

microbial endotoxins cause the release of _______ from macrophages

A

interleukin

79
Q

interleukin stimulates the generation of ______ in hypothalamus

A

PGE

80
Q

what is the role of PGE in hypothalamus

A

set the thermostat at a higher level (cause fever/pyrexia)

81
Q

NSAIDS exert anti-pyretic effect by irreversibly binding to _________

A

COX-1 or/and COX-2

82
Q

what is the function of COX 1 & 2

A

catalyse the reaction of prostaglandin formation from arachidonic acid

83
Q

COX-1 is ___________ enzyme

A

constitutive

84
Q

COX-2 is __________ enzyme

A

inducible

85
Q

out of COX-1 and COX-2 which is inducible

A

COX-2

86
Q

what is the function of prostaglandins in fever

A

they SENSITISE the noci-ceptors to pain inducers

87
Q

the inactivation of COX by PGE is reversible or ir-reversible

A

ir-reversible

88
Q

what is the other effect of aspirin except antipyretic,anti-infla,analgesic

A

prevent platelet aggregation

89
Q

MOA of action of aspirin for platelet aggregation prevention

A

inhibiting the enzyme COX-1 that produces TXA-2.

TXA-2 is secreted by platelets and helps in platelet aggregation

90
Q

side effect of using COX-1 inhibitors

A

gastric ulcers & gastric haemorrhages

91
Q

name 4 main NSAIDs

A

aspirin
para-cetamol
phena-cetin
phenyl-butazone

92
Q

relative potency of NSAIDS

-antipyretic effect

A

as>para=phen>phenylbutazone

93
Q

relative potency of NSAIDS

-analgesic effect

A

as>phen=para>phenylbutazone

94
Q

relative potency of NSAIDS

-anti inflamatory effect

A

phenylbutazone>aspirin

95
Q

sodium salicylate is _______(less/more) potent than aspirin

A

less

96
Q

phenyl-butazone is converted to _____________ in body

A

oxy-phen-butazone

97
Q

use of phenylbutazone

A

lameness(doping agent)
uricosuric/antigout efffect
cause increased plasma volume

98
Q

uricos-uric effect means

A

increase in excretion of uric acid

99
Q

name a NSAID what has spasmolytic effect

A

di-pyrone

100
Q

prolonged use of NSAID

A

gastic bleeding

gastric ulcers

101
Q

aspirin should be used ___ weeks before surgery

A

2

102
Q

which species is more susceptible to aspirin toxicity

A

cat

103
Q

which two NSAID are contraindicated in cats

A

phen-acetin

para-cetamol

104
Q

name 4 anti-gout drugs (PAAC)

A

probene-cid
allo-purinol
acet-aminophen
cochi-cine

105
Q

MOA od allopurinol

A

inhibits XANTHINE OXIDASE

hence, xanthines are diverted to form purine instead of uric acid

106
Q

name an analgesic which is neither narcotic nor NSAID

A

xyla-zine

107
Q

tell 3 purposes of xyla-zine

A

sedative analgesic
skeletal muscle relaxant
emetic effect

108
Q

Best NSAID for treating inflammation

A

Phenylbutazone

109
Q

Best NSAID for fever and analgesia

A

Aspirin

110
Q

Which NSAID is used as a DOPING agent and why?

A

Phenylbutazone

Because it is best NSAID for treating inflammation (lameness in this case)

pharma (10 decks)

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