Sedative-Hypnotics, anti-anxiety, antidepressants Flashcards
What are the two categories of sedative-hypnotics?
benzos and non-benzos
How do benzo’s work?
increase inhibition of CNS synapses that use neurotransmitter GABA (effect of GABA is increased that increases relaxation)
What are the side effects of benzos?
hang over effect that can affect motor performance and anterograde amnesia
What do benzos tend to end in (name wise)?
end in -am
T/F, barbituates are commonly used for sleep-hypnosis
false, very small therapeutic index and very addictive
How do barbiturates work and what do they indicate and what are some of their side effects?
Binds to GABA receptors and is used to promote sleep, hypnosis and depresses CNS in higher doses, can be very addictive and have a hang over effect
What do barbiturates tend to end with name wise?
-al
T/F, for sedative-hypnotics, the drug should be stopped abruptly if it has been used for an extended period
false, it should be tapered off as tolerance has been built up to it
T/F, benzos can be used to help treat anxiety
true, inhibits the SC which then helps with skeletal muscle relaxation
What can happen if you remove the benzo medication that was used to treat anxiety?
rebound anxiety- anxiety returns to levels at pre-treatment
What anxiety medication is a good choice for someone who needs long term treatment and helps increase the effects of serotonin?
buspirone
T/F, you can’t use antidepressants to treat anxiety
false! they have a low risk of addiction and are an effective way to treat anxiety
T/F, beta blockers are used to treat anxiety
true, decrease anxiety by blocking the sympathetic nervous system
T/F benzos and other drugs that treat sleep disorders and anxiety are associated with increased fall risk and hip fractures in older adults
True, can put them at risk for fractures and falls
Which type of disorders describe a group of mental disorders that include depression, and bipolar syndrome (manic-depression)?
affective disorders
What are the categories of medications that help treat depression?
SSRI, SNRI, Tricyclics, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOA)
Which anti-depressant works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic terminal which allows for it to remain in the cleft and exert its effect longer?
SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
T/F, SSRI are not selective and have more side effects
false, are very selective and have fewer side effects which improves adherence and compliance
Which are the newer class of antidepressants that helps decrease serotonin and norepinephrine uptake?
SNRI (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)
Which antidepressants block the reuptake AMINE nt and is NOT SELECTIVE and affects all three synapses: serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
tricyclics
You have a pt taking MAO’s, what do you need to warn them nutrionally?
to avoid foods that have tyramine
How do MAOs work to treat depression?
inhibit enzyme that removes released NTs which allows it to have more of an effect
Which antidepressant helps stimulate appetite?
mirtazapine/remeron
What are some anticholinergic effects of SSRIs and SNRIs?
dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, confusion-> can’t see, can’t pee, can’t poop
