Coagulation and hyperlipidemia Flashcards
Lowering plasma lipid levels through medications is done to prevent _____ and is done in conjunction with lifestyle modifications
atherosclerosis
What is given to help break down a clot and converts plasminogen to ____?
t-PA, plasmin
Which drugs to treat blood clots help control the synthesis and function of clotting factors and are used to prevent clot formation in the venous system?
anticoagulants
Which drugs used to treat blood clots inhibit abnormal platelet activity by preventing thrombus formation in arteries that could lead to MI or CVA (ischemic)?
antiplatelets
Which drugs used to treat blood clots help facilitate destruction of clots which re-establishes blood flow through vessels?
fibrinolytics
What is the primary drug in the initial treatment of venous thrombosis?
heparin
How must heparin be administered and often is it administered?
parenterally, 2+ times/day
What medications are known as low molecular weight heparin and what is the difference between them and heparin?
Lovenox (generic end in parin), can be administered into fat tissues and are only given 1x/day
What drug is the primary drug in the long-term prevention of venous thrombosis?
Warfarin (Coumadin)
What is something to be aware of when someone is taking coumadin?
patient taking this drug long-term needs to be monitored to ensure it is at a therapeutic dose
What are the main side effects for anticoagulants?
hemorrhage (BACK PAIN AND JOINT PAIN COULD INDICATE INTERNAL BLEEDING), decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia), GI distress, skin reactions
Aspirin, ADP receptor blockers, and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor blockers are all examples of?
antiplatelet drugs
At what dose is aspirin effective at suppressing natural platelet aggregation?
low dose- 75-325 mg/day
True or false, aspirins effect on platelets is reversible
false, it is irreversible and once it reaches a platelet, it will inhibit it for the rest of its life
t/f, aspirin helps prevent ischemic strokes
true, and may increase risk for hemorrhagic stroke
Which drug blocks the receptor that increases platelet activity and helps reduce clotting?
ADP receptor blockers - Plavix
Which drugs are the most powerful inhibitors of platelet activity and inhibit the ability of fibrinogen to activate platelets by blocking the receptor site on the platelet membrane?
glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor blockers
What are the adverse effects of antiplatelet drugs?
increased risk of bleeding (bruise easily), hypotension, GI distress
Which medications are essential in treating those with MI as they re-open blood vessels and can re-establish blood flow at onset of MI?
fibrinolytics
What are the adverse effects of fibrinolytics?
risk of bleeding out, itching, nausea, HA, allergic reaction- anaphlaxis
What vitamin is given to newborns to prevent hemorrhage as they can’t make it the first 5-8 days after birth?
vitamin K
Which lipoproteins are “good”, which ones are “bad”
HDL-good, LDL’s- bad
Which drugs help reduce cholesterol production especially in liver cells and cause a breakdown in LDL and a decrease in triglycerides and an increase in HDL levels?
statin drugs- lipitor, crestor
t/f, statin drugs may have anti-cancer effects
true
