Coagulation and hyperlipidemia

Question 1

Lowering plasma lipid levels through medications is done to prevent _____ and is done in conjunction with lifestyle modifications

Answer 1

atherosclerosis

Question 2

What is given to help break down a clot and converts plasminogen to ____?

Answer 2

t-PA, plasmin

Question 3

Which drugs to treat blood clots help control the synthesis and function of clotting factors and are used to prevent clot formation in the venous system?

Answer 3

anticoagulants

Question 4

Which drugs used to treat blood clots inhibit abnormal platelet activity by preventing thrombus formation in arteries that could lead to MI or CVA (ischemic)?

Answer 4

antiplatelets

Question 5

Which drugs used to treat blood clots help facilitate destruction of clots which re-establishes blood flow through vessels?

Answer 5

fibrinolytics

Question 6

What is the primary drug in the initial treatment of venous thrombosis?

Answer 6

heparin

Question 7

How must heparin be administered and often is it administered?

Answer 7

parenterally, 2+ times/day

Question 8

What medications are known as low molecular weight heparin and what is the difference between them and heparin?

Answer 8

Lovenox (generic end in parin), can be administered into fat tissues and are only given 1x/day

Question 9

What drug is the primary drug in the long-term prevention of venous thrombosis?

Answer 9

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 10

What is something to be aware of when someone is taking coumadin?

Answer 10

patient taking this drug long-term needs to be monitored to ensure it is at a therapeutic dose

Question 11

What are the main side effects for anticoagulants?

Answer 11

hemorrhage (BACK PAIN AND JOINT PAIN COULD INDICATE INTERNAL BLEEDING), decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia), GI distress, skin reactions

Question 12

Aspirin, ADP receptor blockers, and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor blockers are all examples of?

Answer 12

antiplatelet drugs

Question 13

At what dose is aspirin effective at suppressing natural platelet aggregation?

Answer 13

low dose- 75-325 mg/day

Question 14

True or false, aspirins effect on platelets is reversible

Answer 14

false, it is irreversible and once it reaches a platelet, it will inhibit it for the rest of its life

Question 15

t/f, aspirin helps prevent ischemic strokes

Answer 15

true, and may increase risk for hemorrhagic stroke

Question 16

Which drug blocks the receptor that increases platelet activity and helps reduce clotting?

Answer 16

ADP receptor blockers - Plavix

Question 17

Which drugs are the most powerful inhibitors of platelet activity and inhibit the ability of fibrinogen to activate platelets by blocking the receptor site on the platelet membrane?

Answer 17

glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor blockers

Question 18

What are the adverse effects of antiplatelet drugs?

Answer 18

increased risk of bleeding (bruise easily), hypotension, GI distress

Question 19

Which medications are essential in treating those with MI as they re-open blood vessels and can re-establish blood flow at onset of MI?

Answer 19

fibrinolytics

Question 20

What are the adverse effects of fibrinolytics?

Answer 20

risk of bleeding out, itching, nausea, HA, allergic reaction- anaphlaxis

Question 21

What vitamin is given to newborns to prevent hemorrhage as they can’t make it the first 5-8 days after birth?

Answer 21

vitamin K

Question 22

Which lipoproteins are “good”, which ones are “bad”

Answer 22

HDL-good, LDL’s- bad

Question 23

Which drugs help reduce cholesterol production especially in liver cells and cause a breakdown in LDL and a decrease in triglycerides and an increase in HDL levels?

Answer 23

statin drugs- lipitor, crestor

Question 24

t/f, statin drugs may have anti-cancer effects

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Which drugs decrease trigylceride levels and can produce increases in HDL levels and help lower LDL levels?

Answer 25

fibric acids/ fibrates

Question 26

What are some adverse effects of lipid lowering drugs?

Answer 26

myopathy- can progress to rhabdomylosis if not caught early
arrhythmias, GI distress, gallstones, pancreatitis