Opioids

Question 1

What are the two categories for pain medications?

Answer 1

opiod analgesics and non-opioid analgesics

Question 2

True/false, our bodies produce endogenous opioids that include endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins

Answer 2

true, body makes these and releases these peptides to control pain and inflammation under certain conditions

Question 3

What are the three primary classes of opioid receptors?

Answer 3

Mu, Kappa, Delta

Question 4

T/F, stimulation of Mu, Kappa, or delta causes analgesia

Answer 4

true, stimulation of any causes analgesia

Question 5

___ receptors are located in the brain and spinal cord and are the most important for mediating the analgesic effects of many opioids especially morphine

Answer 5

Mu

Question 6

What are the more significant side effects that result from Mu receptor stimulation?

Answer 6

respiratory depression and constipation and opioid abuse and addiction

Question 7

Which drugs stimulate KAPPA receptors while avoiding or blocking MU receptors?

Answer 7

mixed-agonist antagonist opioids

Question 8

Which opioid is used to treat severe pain and interact mainly with Mu receptors? Morphine most common (fentanyl and demerol are other examples)

Answer 8

strong agonists

Question 9

Which opioids are agonists that stimulate opioid receptors but do not have as high of an affinity or efficacy as the strong agonist drugs and are more effective at treating MODERATE pain?

Answer 9

mild-to-moderate agonists

Question 10

Which opioids cause analgesia by binding to kappa and blocking mu receptors, have reduced risk of fatal overdose and maximal analgesic effect is not as strong as strong agonists?

Answer 10

mixed-agonist antagonist

Question 11

Which opioid antagonist block all receptors with an increased affinity for mu receptors and is used in drug overdoses, what is an example drug?

Answer 11

antagonists, naloxone

Question 12

Which opioid drug can be used with a transdermal patch?

Answer 12

fentanyl

Question 13

What are the sites of opioid effects (3)?

Answer 13

spinal, supraspinal (brain), peripheral

Question 14

t/f, opioids work best on severe pain that is sharp and intermittent

Answer 14

false, work best in severe pain that is constant in duration

Question 15

t/f, opioids often alter the pain perception more than eliminating the pain

Answer 15

true, changes experience of pain and produces more of euphoric sensation

Question 16

opioids decrease GI motility so they can be used to control ____ ____

Answer 16

severe diarrhea

Question 17

You have a pt that is presenting with body aches, diarrhea, fever, goosebumps, irritability, shivering and sweating. What do you suspect is going on?

Answer 17

opioid withdrawal

Question 18

___ ____ _____ describes when some patients fail to respond to opioids or may report increased pain when given the drugs

Answer 18

opioid induced hyperalgesia

Question 19

_____ is the drug used to treat opioid addiction

Answer 19

methadone

Question 20

What are some rehab considerations regarding use of opioids?

Answer 20

sedation and GI discomfort can be bothersome
better tolerance is better during peak effect
can cause respiratory depression so respiratory response to rehab exercises can be blunted
opioid addicts can have diffuse mm aches