Section II: Muscular System Flashcards by Tatiana Meza

movement away from midline of the body

abduction

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movement toward midline of the body

adduction

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act of bending or being bent

flexion

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movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition

extension

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backward bending

dorsiflexion

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bonding sole of foot; pointing toes downward

plantar flexion

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turning outward

eversion

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turning inward

inversion

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to turn downward or backward with hand or foot

pronation

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turning the palm or foot upward

supination

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to raise a body part

elevation

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movement in circular direction from a central point as if drawing large, imaginary circle in the air

circumduction

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moving thumb away from palm; ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers

opposition

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moving around a central axis

rotation

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Pathology: Medical Specialties; science that studies movement, how it is produced, and muscles involved

kinesiology

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Pathology: Medical Specialties; assists person to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning

occupational therapy

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Pathology: Medical Specialties; branch of medicine focused on restoring function; primarily cares for patients with musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders

physical medicine

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Pathology: Medical Specialties; evaluation and treatment of disorders and rehabilitation of people using physical methods (heat, cold, massage, and exercise)

physical therapy

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Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; scar tissue forming in fascia surrounding muscle, making it difficult to stretch muscle

adhesion

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Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; lack of muscle tone

atonia

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Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use

atrophy

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Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having slow movements

bradykinesia

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Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia, making it difficult to stretch muscle

contracture

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Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having difficult or abnormal movement

dyskinesia

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Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having abnormal muscle tone

dystonia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having excessive amount of movement

hyperkinesia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having excessive muscle tone

hypertonia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, as with lifting waste

hypertrophy

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having insufficient amount of movement

hypokinesia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having insufficient muscle tone

hypertonia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of muscles, caused by walking

intermittent claudication

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; muscle pain

myalgia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; muscle weakness

myasthenia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; muscle tone

myotonia

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

spasm

Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; tendon pain

tenodynia

Pathology: Muscles; condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue

fibromyalgia

Pathology: Muscles; inflammation of muscle attachment to lateral epicondyle of elbow; caused by strong gripping (tennis elbow)

lateral epicondylitis

Pathology: Muscles; inherited disease causing progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

muscular dystrophy

Pathology: Muscles; general term for muscle disease

myopathy

Pathology: Muscles; tearing a muscle

myorrhexis

Pathology: Muscles; bacterial infection that results in death of a body's soft tissue (flesh-eating disease)

necrotizing fasciitis

Pathology: Muscles; simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles

polymyositis

Pathology: Muscles; type of inherited muscular dystrophy where muscle tissue in gradually replaced by fatty tissue

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

Pathology: Muscles; severe neck spasms pulling head to one side

torticollis

Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of finger flexor tendons

carpal tunnel syndrome

Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist, or ankle

ganglion cyst

Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; group of chronic disorders involving tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage, resulting from tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements

repetitive motion disorder

Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; rotator cuff consists on joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons from several shoulder muschles

rotator cuff injury

Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments, due to overuse or overstretching

strain

Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; inflammation of tendon

tendinitis

Diagnostic Procedure: Clinical Laboratory Test; muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle; blood levels become elevated in dorsers such as heart attack

creatine kinase

Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking muscle tendon with a reflex hammer

deep tendon reflexes

Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: hardcopy record produced by electomyography

electromyogram

Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: study and record of strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation

electromyography

Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: removal of muscle tissue for pathological examination

muscle biopsy

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; activities usually performed during a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and washing

activities of daily living

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; use of cold in a treatment

cryotherapy

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; assisting patient to learn to walk again or to use assistive device

gait training

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; application of warm water as a treatment can be done in bath, swimming pool

hydrotherapy

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; kneading or applying pressure by hands to part of body to promote muscle relaxation of reduce tension

massage

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; treatments like exercise, massage, and physical manipulation to restore movement to joints and soft tissue

mobilization

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; putting a joint through available range of motion without assistance from patient

passive range of motion

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; use of ultrasound waves to introduce medication across skin

phonophoresis

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; process of treatment and exercise that can help person with disability attain maximum function and well-being

rehabilitation

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; exercise planned and carried out to achieve specific physical benefit (improved range of motion, muscle strengthening)

therapeutic exercise

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; applying heat, in form of moist, hot packs

thermotherapy

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; use of high-frequency sound waves to create heat in soft tissues under skin; useful for treating muscle injuries, tendons, ligaments

ultrasound

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical cutting of ligament in wrist to relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome

carpal tunnel release

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure that cuts into fascia

fasciotomy

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to repair a muscle

myoplasty

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; to suture a muscle

myorrhaphy

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to repair a tendon

tendoplasty

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure that cuts into tendon

tendotomy

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to stabilize joint by anchoring down tendons of muscles that move joint

tenodesis

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to repair a tendon

tenoplasty

Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; to suture a tendon

tenorrhaphy