Section II: Muscular System Flashcards
movement away from midline of the body
abduction
movement toward midline of the body
adduction
act of bending or being bent
flexion
movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition
extension
backward bending
dorsiflexion
bonding sole of foot; pointing toes downward
plantar flexion
turning outward
eversion
turning inward
inversion
to turn downward or backward with hand or foot
pronation
turning the palm or foot upward
supination
to raise a body part
elevation
movement in circular direction from a central point as if drawing large, imaginary circle in the air
circumduction
moving thumb away from palm; ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers
opposition
moving around a central axis
rotation
Pathology: Medical Specialties; science that studies movement, how it is produced, and muscles involved
kinesiology
Pathology: Medical Specialties; assists person to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning
occupational therapy
Pathology: Medical Specialties; branch of medicine focused on restoring function; primarily cares for patients with musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders
physical medicine
Pathology: Medical Specialties; evaluation and treatment of disorders and rehabilitation of people using physical methods (heat, cold, massage, and exercise)
physical therapy
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; scar tissue forming in fascia surrounding muscle, making it difficult to stretch muscle
adhesion
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; lack of muscle tone
atonia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use
atrophy
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having slow movements
bradykinesia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia, making it difficult to stretch muscle
contracture
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having difficult or abnormal movement
dyskinesia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having abnormal muscle tone
dystonia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having excessive amount of movement
hyperkinesia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having excessive muscle tone
hypertonia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, as with lifting waste
hypertrophy
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having insufficient amount of movement
hypokinesia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; having insufficient muscle tone
hypertonia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of muscles, caused by walking
intermittent claudication
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; muscle pain
myalgia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; muscle weakness
myasthenia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; muscle tone
myotonia
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction
spasm
Pathology: Signs and Symptoms; tendon pain
tenodynia
Pathology: Muscles; condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue
fibromyalgia
Pathology: Muscles; inflammation of muscle attachment to lateral epicondyle of elbow; caused by strong gripping (tennis elbow)
lateral epicondylitis
Pathology: Muscles; inherited disease causing progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy
muscular dystrophy
Pathology: Muscles; general term for muscle disease
myopathy
Pathology: Muscles; tearing a muscle
myorrhexis
Pathology: Muscles; bacterial infection that results in death of a body’s soft tissue (flesh-eating disease)
necrotizing fasciitis
Pathology: Muscles; simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles
polymyositis
Pathology: Muscles; type of inherited muscular dystrophy where muscle tissue in gradually replaced by fatty tissue
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
Pathology: Muscles; severe neck spasms pulling head to one side
torticollis
Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of finger flexor tendons
carpal tunnel syndrome
Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist, or ankle
ganglion cyst
Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; group of chronic disorders involving tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage, resulting from tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements
repetitive motion disorder
Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; rotator cuff consists on joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons from several shoulder muschles
rotator cuff injury
Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments, due to overuse or overstretching
strain
Pathology: Tendons, Muscles, and/or Ligaments; inflammation of tendon
tendinitis
Diagnostic Procedure: Clinical Laboratory Test; muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle; blood levels become elevated in dorsers such as heart attack
creatine kinase
Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking muscle tendon with a reflex hammer
deep tendon reflexes
Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: hardcopy record produced by electomyography
electromyogram
Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: study and record of strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation
electromyography
Diagnostic Procedure: Additional Diagnostic Procedures: removal of muscle tissue for pathological examination
muscle biopsy
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; activities usually performed during a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and washing
activities of daily living
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; use of cold in a treatment
cryotherapy
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; assisting patient to learn to walk again or to use assistive device
gait training
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; application of warm water as a treatment can be done in bath, swimming pool
hydrotherapy
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; kneading or applying pressure by hands to part of body to promote muscle relaxation of reduce tension
massage
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; treatments like exercise, massage, and physical manipulation to restore movement to joints and soft tissue
mobilization
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; putting a joint through available range of motion without assistance from patient
passive range of motion
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; use of ultrasound waves to introduce medication across skin
phonophoresis
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; process of treatment and exercise that can help person with disability attain maximum function and well-being
rehabilitation
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; exercise planned and carried out to achieve specific physical benefit (improved range of motion, muscle strengthening)
therapeutic exercise
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; applying heat, in form of moist, hot packs
thermotherapy
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; use of high-frequency sound waves to create heat in soft tissues under skin; useful for treating muscle injuries, tendons, ligaments
ultrasound
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical cutting of ligament in wrist to relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome
carpal tunnel release
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure that cuts into fascia
fasciotomy
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to repair a muscle
myoplasty
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; to suture a muscle
myorrhaphy
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to repair a tendon
tendoplasty
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure that cuts into tendon
tendotomy
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to stabilize joint by anchoring down tendons of muscles that move joint
tenodesis
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; surgical procedure to repair a tendon
tenoplasty
Therapeutic Procedures: Rehabilitation Procedures; to suture a tendon
tenorrhaphy