Chapter 6 Section II: Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards
Pathology: physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies
allergist
Pathology: branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of immune system
immunology
Pathology: branch of medicine concerned with determining underlying causes and development of diseases
pathology
Pathology: appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction
hives
Pathology: tissues’ response to injury from pathogens or physical agents; characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to the touch
inflammation
Pathology: edema appearing in extremities due to obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels
lymphedema
Pathology: enlarged spleen
splenomegaly
Pathology: severe itching associated with hives, usually linked to food allergy, stress, or drug reactions
urticaria
Pathology: inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling an allergen; symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath
allergic asthma
Pathology: inflammation of conjunctiva (protective membrane over eye) caused by allergens in the air
allergic conjunctivitis
Pathology: allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen; sneezes, runny nose, congestion, watery eyes; hay fever
allergic rhinitis
Pathology: hypersensitivity to common substance in environment or to medication
allergy
Pathology: life-threatening condition resulting from severe allergic reaction; may be caused by bee stings, medication; causes circulatory and respiratory problems; called anaphylaxis
anaphylactic shock
Pathology: skin irritation caused by skin coming into direct contact with an allergen; symptoms are redness, itching, rash, blisters
contact dermatitis
Pathology: inflammation of adenoids
adenoiditis
Pathology: disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells; ex. multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease
Pathology: inflammation, obstruction, and destruction of lymph vessels resulting in enlarged tissues due to edema
elephantiasis
Pathology: also called Hodgkin’s lymphoma; cancer of lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s disease
Pathology: inflammation of lymph nodes; swollen glands
lymphadenitis
Pathology: general term for lymph nodes diseases
lymphadenopathy
Pathology: tumor in a lymphatic vessel
lymphangioma
Pathology: tumor in lymphatic tissue
lymphoma
Pathology: acute infectious disease with large number of abnormal mononuclear lymphocytes; caused by Epstein–Barr virus; caused abnormal liver function; kissing disease
mononucleosis
Pathology: cancer of lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
Pathology: tumor of thymus gland
thymoma
Pathology: inflammation of tonsils
tonsillitis
Pathology: disease involving defect in cell-meditated immunity system; syndrome of opportunistic infections occurring in final stages of infection
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Pathology: early stage of AIDS; mild symptom of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
Pathology: serious complication of bone marrow transplant (graft); immune cells from donor bone marrow attack recipient’s (host’s) tissues
graft versus host disease (GVHD)
Pathology: virus that causes AIDS; retrovirus
human immunodeficiency (HIV)
Pathology: having immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens; called immunodeficiency disorder
immunocompromised
Pathology: form of skin cancer seen in patients with AIDS; brownish purple papules that spread from skin and metastasize to internal organs
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Pathology: originates in plasma cells; over time, malignant cells collect in bone marrow, resulting in bone marrow tumor; may spread to skeleton
multiple myeloma
Pathology: infectious diseases associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and lowered resistance to infections and parasites; result of HIV collection
opportunistic infections
Pathology: pneumonia common in patients with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients; caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci fungus
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Pathology: autoimmune disease of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions commonly appearing in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet
sarcoidosis
Pathology: disease seen in children born with non functioning immune system; forces children to live in sealed sterile rooms
severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS)
Pathology: infection by group of bacteria that have resistance to powerful group of antibiotics called carbapenem
carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection
Pathology: infection with C. diff bacteria causes inflammation of colon; symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain; occurs in person with conditions requiring extended use of antibiotics; infection spread through contact with contaminated feces
Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
Pathology: infecting bacteria are resistant to many common antibiotics, such as methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin, spread through contact with contaminated surfaces; improperly wash hands
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
Diagnostic Procedure: blood test to assist in diagnosis of autoimmune diseases
antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
Diagnostic Procedure: blood test for HIV infections
HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay
Diagnostic Procedure: x-ray record of lymphatic vessels produced by lymphangiography
lymphangiogram
Diagnostic Procedure: x-ray taken of lymph vessels after injection of dye into foot; myph flow through ches is traced
lymphangiography
Diagnostic Procedure: use of electromagnetic energy to produce image of soft tissues in any plane of body
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Diagnostic Procedure: blood test for infectious monomucleosis
monospot
Diagnostic Procedure: form of allergy testing where body is exposed to allergens through light scratch; injection, patch, or prick on skin
skin allergy testing
Therapeutic Procedures: type of immunotherapy; person receives injections of tiny amounts of allergen that they are allergic to; over time, person’s sensitivity to allergen reduces
allergy shots
Therapeutic Procedures: giving patient injections of immunoglobulins or antibodies in order to treat disease
immunotherapy
Therapeutic Procedures: exposure to weakened pathogen that stimulates immune response and antibody production in order to confer protection against full-blown disease; called immunization
vaccination
Therapeutic Procedures: surgical removal of adenoids
adenoidectomy
Therapeutic Procedures: surgical removal of lymph node; usually done to test for malignancy
lymphadenectomy
Therapeutic Procedures: surgical removal of spleen
splenectomy
Therapeutic Procedures: surgical removal of thymus gland
thymectomy
Therapeutic Procedures: surgical removal of tonsils
tonsillectomy
Pharmacology: blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reaction (ex. cetirizine, Zyrtec; diphenhydramine, Benadryl)
antihistamine
Pharmacology: natural or synthetic adrenal cortex hormone; has very strong anti-inflammatory properties; useful in treating autoimmune diseases (ex. prednisone; methylprednisolone, Solu-Medrol)
corticosteroids
Pharmacology: block certain actions of immune system; required to prevent rejection of transplanted organ (ex. mycophenolate, mofetil, CellCept; cyclosporine, Neoral)
immunosuppressants
Pharmacology: nose spray; reduces inflammation and treats symptoms of nasal rhinitis (ex. fluticasone, Flonase, triamcinolone, Nasacort)
nasal steroids
Pharmacology: inhibit protease, enzyme that viruses need to reproduce (ex. indinavir, Crixivan, saquinavir, Fortovase)
protease inhibitor drugs
Pharmacology: inhibit reverse transcriptase, enzyme needed by viruses to reproduce (ex. lamivudine, Epivir, zidovudine, Retrovir)
reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs
