Chapter 2: Body Organization Flashcards
abdomin/o
combining form
abdomen
adip/o
combining form
fat
aer/o
combining form
air
anter/o
combining form
front
brachi/o
combining form
arm
bucc/o
combining form
check
cardi/o
combining form
heart
caud/o
combining form
tail
cephal/o
combining form
head
cervic/o
combining form
neck
chondr/o
combining form
cartilage
crani/o
combining form
skull
crin/o
combining form
to secrete
crur/o
combining form
leg
cutane/o
combining form
skin
cyt/o
combining form
cell
derm/o
combining form
skin
dermat/o
combining form
skin
dist/o
combining form
away from
dors/o
combining form
back
enter/o
combining form
small intestine
epitheli/o
combining form
epithelium
gastr/o
combining form
stomach
glute/o
combining form
buttock
gynec/o
combining form
female
hal/o
combining form
to breathe
hemat/o
combining form
blood
hist/o
combining form
tissue
immun/o
combining form
protection
infer/o
combining form
below
inguin/o
combining form
groin
laryng/o
combining form
larynx
later/o
combining form
side
lingu/o
combining form
tongue
lumb/o
combining form
loin (low back)
lymph/o
combining form
lymph
medi/o
combining form
middle
muscul/o
combining form
muscle
nephr/o
combining form
kidney
neur/o
combining form
nerve
ophthalm/o
combining form
eye
orth/o
combining form
straight
or/o
combining form
mouth
ot/o
combining form
ear
pariet/o
combining form
cavity wall
ped/o
combining form
foot
pelv/o
combining form
pelvis
peritone/o
combining form
peritoneum
pleur/o
combining form
pleura
poster/o
combining form
back
proct/o
combining form
rectum and anus
proxim/o
combining form
near to
pub/o
combining form
genital region
pulmon/o
combining form
lung
rect/o
combining form
rectum
rhin/o
combining form
nose
spin/o
combining form
spine
super/o
combining form
above
thec/o
combining form
sheath (meninges)
thorac/o
combining form
chest
topic/o
combining form
a specific area
ur/o
combining form
urine
urin/o
combining form
urine
vagin/o
combining form
vagina
vascul/o
combining form
blood vessel
ven/o
combining form
vein
ventr/o
combining form
belly
vertebr/o
combining form
vertebra
viscer/o
combining form
internal organ
cytology
the study of cells and their function
cell membrane
outermost boundary of the cell; encloses the cytoplasm
ctyoplasm
watery internal environment of cell
nucleus
contains the cell’s DNA
histology
the study of tissue
muscular tissue
produces movement by contracting
What is muscular tissue made of?
muscle fibers
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal: attaches to bone
smooth: in internal organs (intestine, uterus)
cardiac: only found in the heart
What 4 things can epithelial cells do?
protect
absorb
secrete
excrete waste
epithelia tissue
found throughout the body and forms the covering and lining of internal organs and the skin
connective tissue
supports and protects the body
performs different function depending on location
What are the 4 forms of connective tissue and what do they do?
bone: provides structural support for body
cartilage: shock absorber in joints
tendons: tightly connect skeletal muscle to bones
adipose: provides protective padding around body structures
nervous tissue
forms the brain, spinal cord, and network of nerves throughout the body
made up of neurons
What does nervous tissue allow?
conduction of electrical impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
organ
made of several types of tissues that work together as unit
system
made of several organs working together
Integumentary System
forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation
What does the integumentary system include and what is its specialty?
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
specialty: dermatology
Musculoskeletal System
skeleton supports and protects body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals
What does the musculoskeletal system include and what is its specialty?
bones, joints, and muscles
specialty: orthopedics
Cardiovascular System
pumps blood to the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes
What does the cardiovascular system include and what is its specialty?
heart, arteries, veins
specialty: cardiology
Blood (Hematic System)
transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding
What does the hematic system include and what is its specialty?
plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
specialty: hematology
Lymphatic System
protects body from disease and invasion from pathogens
What does the lymphatic system include and what is its specialty?
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils
specialty: immunology
Respiratory System
obtains oxygen from environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body
What does the respiratory system include and what is its specialty?
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs
specialty: pulmonology
Digestive or Gastrointestinal System
ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body
What does the digestive system include and what is its specialty?
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands
specialty: gastroenterology
Urinary System
filters waste products out of blood and removes the from the body
What does the urinary system include and are its specialties?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Female Productive System
produces eggs and provides for the growing baby, nourishes the infant after birth
What does the female reproductive include and what are its specialties?
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts
specialty: gynecology
Male Reproductive System
produces sperm
What does the male reproductive system include and what is its specialty?
testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral gland
specialty: urology
Endocrine System
regulates metabolic activity
What glands does the endocrine system include and what is its specialty?
pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
specialty: endocrinology
Nervous System
receives sensory information from the body and coordinates a response to that information
What organs are included in the nervous system and what is its specialty?
brain, spinal cord, nerves
specialty: neurology
Special Senses- Eyes
provides vision
What organs are included in the special sense-eyes and what is its specialty?
eyes
specialty: ophthalmology
Special Senses- Ears
responsible for hearing and balance
What organs are included in the special senses- ears and what is its specialty?
ears
specialty: otorhinolaryngology
Directional Term: Superior or Cephalic
more towards head, or above another structure
ex. The eyes are superior to the lips.
Directional Term: Inferior or Caudal
more toward feet or tail or below another structure
ex. The feet are inferior to the knees.
Directional Term: Anterior or Ventral
more toward front or belly side of body
ex. The nose is on the anterior side.
Directional Term: Posterior or Dorsal
more toward back or spinal cord side of body
ex. The buttocks are on the posterior side.
Directional Term: Medial
middle or near middle of body or structure
ex. Heart is medially located in the chest cavity.
Directional Term: Lateral
to the side of the body
ex. The arm is lateral to the heart.
Directional Term: Proximal
nearer to the point of attachment to the body
ex. The knee is proximal to the foot.
Directional Term: Distal
farther away from the point of attachment
ex. The hand is distal to the elbow.
Directional Term: Apex
tip or summit of the organ
ex. The apex of the lung is at the clavicle (collar bone).
Directional Term: Base
bottom or lower part of organ
ex. The base of the lung is near the bottom of the ribs.
Directional Term: Superficial
more towards the surface of the body
ex. The ribs are superficial to the lungs.
Directional Term: Deep
further away from the surface of the body.
ex. The heart is deep to the ribs.
Directional Term: Supine
lying horizontally facing upwards
ex. Patient is in supine position for abdominal surgery.
Abbreviations: AP
anteroposterior
Abbreviations: CV
cardiovascular
Abbreviations: ENT
ear, nose, and throat
Abbreviations: GI
gastrointestinal
Abbreviations: GYN
gynecology
Abbreviations: ID
intradermal
Abbreviations: IM
intramuscular
Abbreviations: IV
intravenous
Abbreviations: lat
lateral
Abbreviations: LE
lower extremity
Abbreviations: LLQ
left lower quadrant
Abbreviations: LUQ
left upper quadrant
Abbreviations: MS
musculoskeletal
Abbreviations: OB
obstetrics
Abbreviations: PA
posteranterior
Abbreviations: RLQ
right lower quadrant
Abbreviations: RUQ
right upper quadrant
Abbreviations: sl
sublingual
Abbreviations: Subc, Subq
subcutaneous
Abbreviations: suppos, supp
suppository
Abbreviations: top
apply topically
