Chapter 2: Body Organization Flashcards
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
combining form
abdomen
2
Q
adip/o
A
combining form
fat
3
Q
aer/o
A
combining form
air
4
Q
anter/o
A
combining form
front
5
Q
brachi/o
A
combining form
arm
6
Q
bucc/o
A
combining form
check
7
Q
cardi/o
A
combining form
heart
8
Q
caud/o
A
combining form
tail
9
Q
cephal/o
A
combining form
head
10
Q
cervic/o
A
combining form
neck
11
Q
chondr/o
A
combining form
cartilage
12
Q
crani/o
A
combining form
skull
13
Q
crin/o
A
combining form
to secrete
14
Q
crur/o
A
combining form
leg
15
Q
cutane/o
A
combining form
skin
16
Q
cyt/o
A
combining form
cell
17
Q
derm/o
A
combining form
skin
18
Q
dermat/o
A
combining form
skin
19
Q
dist/o
A
combining form
away from
20
Q
dors/o
A
combining form
back
21
Q
enter/o
A
combining form
small intestine
22
Q
epitheli/o
A
combining form
epithelium
23
Q
gastr/o
A
combining form
stomach
24
Q
glute/o
A
combining form
buttock
25
gynec/o
combining form
female
26
hal/o
combining form
to breathe
27
hemat/o
combining form
blood
28
hist/o
combining form
tissue
29
immun/o
combining form
protection
30
infer/o
combining form
below
31
inguin/o
combining form
groin
32
laryng/o
combining form
larynx
33
later/o
combining form
side
34
lingu/o
combining form
tongue
35
lumb/o
combining form
loin (low back)
36
lymph/o
combining form
lymph
37
medi/o
combining form
middle
38
muscul/o
combining form
muscle
39
nephr/o
combining form
kidney
40
neur/o
combining form
nerve
41
ophthalm/o
combining form
eye
42
orth/o
combining form
straight
43
or/o
combining form
mouth
44
ot/o
combining form
ear
45
pariet/o
combining form
cavity wall
46
ped/o
combining form
foot
47
pelv/o
combining form
pelvis
48
peritone/o
combining form
peritoneum
49
pleur/o
combining form
pleura
50
poster/o
combining form
back
51
proct/o
combining form
rectum and anus
52
proxim/o
combining form
near to
53
pub/o
combining form
genital region
54
pulmon/o
combining form
lung
55
rect/o
combining form
rectum
56
rhin/o
combining form
nose
57
spin/o
combining form
spine
58
super/o
combining form
above
59
thec/o
combining form
sheath (meninges)
60
thorac/o
combining form
chest
61
topic/o
combining form
a specific area
62
ur/o
combining form
urine
63
urin/o
combining form
urine
64
vagin/o
combining form
vagina
65
vascul/o
combining form
blood vessel
66
ven/o
combining form
vein
67
ventr/o
combining form
belly
68
vertebr/o
combining form
vertebra
69
viscer/o
combining form
internal organ
70
cytology
the study of cells and their function
71
cell membrane
outermost boundary of the cell; encloses the cytoplasm
72
ctyoplasm
watery internal environment of cell
73
nucleus
contains the cell's DNA
74
histology
the study of tissue
75
muscular tissue
produces movement by contracting
76
What is muscular tissue made of?
muscle fibers
77
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal: attaches to bone
smooth: in internal organs (intestine, uterus)
cardiac: only found in the heart
78
What 4 things can epithelial cells do?
protect
absorb
secrete
excrete waste
79
epithelia tissue
found throughout the body and forms the covering and lining of internal organs and the skin
80
connective tissue
supports and protects the body
performs different function depending on location
81
What are the 4 forms of connective tissue and what do they do?
bone: provides structural support for body
cartilage: shock absorber in joints
tendons: tightly connect skeletal muscle to bones
adipose: provides protective padding around body structures
82
nervous tissue
forms the brain, spinal cord, and network of nerves throughout the body
made up of neurons
83
What does nervous tissue allow?
conduction of electrical impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
84
organ
made of several types of tissues that work together as unit
85
system
made of several organs working together
86
Integumentary System
forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation
87
What does the integumentary system include and what is its specialty?
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
specialty: dermatology
88
Musculoskeletal System
skeleton supports and protects body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals
89
What does the musculoskeletal system include and what is its specialty?
bones, joints, and muscles
specialty: orthopedics
90
Cardiovascular System
pumps blood to the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes
91
What does the cardiovascular system include and what is its specialty?
heart, arteries, veins
specialty: cardiology
92
Blood (Hematic System)
transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding
93
What does the hematic system include and what is its specialty?
plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
specialty: hematology
94
Lymphatic System
protects body from disease and invasion from pathogens
95
What does the lymphatic system include and what is its specialty?
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils
specialty: immunology
96
Respiratory System
obtains oxygen from environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body
97
What does the respiratory system include and what is its specialty?
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs
specialty: pulmonology
98
Digestive or Gastrointestinal System
ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body
99
What does the digestive system include and what is its specialty?
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands
specialty: gastroenterology
100
Urinary System
filters waste products out of blood and removes the from the body
101
What does the urinary system include and are its specialties?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
102
Female Productive System
produces eggs and provides for the growing baby, nourishes the infant after birth
103
What does the female reproductive include and what are its specialties?
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts
specialty: gynecology
104
Male Reproductive System
produces sperm
105
What does the male reproductive system include and what is its specialty?
testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral gland
specialty: urology
106
Endocrine System
regulates metabolic activity
107
What glands does the endocrine system include and what is its specialty?
pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
specialty: endocrinology
108
Nervous System
receives sensory information from the body and coordinates a response to that information
109
What organs are included in the nervous system and what is its specialty?
brain, spinal cord, nerves
specialty: neurology
110
Special Senses- Eyes
provides vision
111
What organs are included in the special sense-eyes and what is its specialty?
eyes
specialty: ophthalmology
112
Special Senses- Ears
responsible for hearing and balance
113
What organs are included in the special senses- ears and what is its specialty?
ears
specialty: otorhinolaryngology
114
Directional Term: Superior or Cephalic
more towards head, or above another structure
ex. The eyes are superior to the lips.
115
Directional Term: Inferior or Caudal
more toward feet or tail or below another structure
ex. The feet are inferior to the knees.
116
Directional Term: Anterior or Ventral
more toward front or belly side of body
ex. The nose is on the anterior side.
117
Directional Term: Posterior or Dorsal
more toward back or spinal cord side of body
ex. The buttocks are on the posterior side.
118
Directional Term: Medial
middle or near middle of body or structure
ex. Heart is medially located in the chest cavity.
119
Directional Term: Lateral
to the side of the body
ex. The arm is lateral to the heart.
120
Directional Term: Proximal
nearer to the point of attachment to the body
ex. The knee is proximal to the foot.
121
Directional Term: Distal
farther away from the point of attachment
ex. The hand is distal to the elbow.
122
Directional Term: Apex
tip or summit of the organ
ex. The apex of the lung is at the clavicle (collar bone).
123
Directional Term: Base
bottom or lower part of organ
ex. The base of the lung is near the bottom of the ribs.
124
Directional Term: Superficial
more towards the surface of the body
ex. The ribs are superficial to the lungs.
125
Directional Term: Deep
further away from the surface of the body.
ex. The heart is deep to the ribs.
126
Directional Term: Supine
lying horizontally facing upwards
ex. Patient is in supine position for abdominal surgery.
127
Abbreviations: AP
anteroposterior
128
Abbreviations: CV
cardiovascular
129
Abbreviations: ENT
ear, nose, and throat
130
Abbreviations: GI
gastrointestinal
131
Abbreviations: GYN
gynecology
132
Abbreviations: ID
intradermal
133
Abbreviations: IM
intramuscular
134
Abbreviations: IV
intravenous
135
Abbreviations: lat
lateral
136
Abbreviations: LE
lower extremity
137
Abbreviations: LLQ
left lower quadrant
138
Abbreviations: LUQ
left upper quadrant
139
Abbreviations: MS
musculoskeletal
140
Abbreviations: OB
obstetrics
141
Abbreviations: PA
posteranterior
142
Abbreviations: RLQ
right lower quadrant
143
Abbreviations: RUQ
right upper quadrant
144
Abbreviations: sl
sublingual
145
Abbreviations: Subc, Subq
subcutaneous
146
Abbreviations: suppos, supp
suppository
147
Abbreviations: top
apply topically
148
