Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the 4 main functions of the integumentary system?
acts as a two-way protective barrier
regulates temperature
houses nerve receptors
secretes important fluids
What 5 organs are included in the integumentary system?
skin
hair
nails
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
What is the primary function of the skin?
to protect
What do sensory protectors do?
detect pain, temperature, touch, and pressure
What do sweat glands produce?
sweat (cools body)
What do sebaceous glands produce?
an oil called sebum (keeps skin from becoming too dry)
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
the basal layer
What is the deepest layer of skin?
dermis
Melanocytes
produce black pigment melanin that gives skin its color
What 5 structures are found in the dermis layer of skin?
hair follicles
sweat and sebaceous glands
blood and lymph vessels
sensory and nerve receptors
muscle fibers
Which layer lies beneath the skin?
the subcutaneous layer
What does the subcutaneous layer do?
protects deeper tissue of body and acts as insulation against heat and cold
What are the accessory organs?
hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
What gland is sweat secreted from when it produces body odor?
the apocrine gland
Pathology: Dermatology
involves diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the integumentary system: physician is dermatologist
Pathology: Plastic Surgery
surgical specialty involved in repair, reconstruction, or improvement of body structures such as damages, missing, or misshapen skin; physician is plastic surgeon
Signs and Symptoms: Abrasion
a scraping-away of skin surface by friction
Signs and Symptoms: Anhidrosis
abnormal condition of no sweat
Signs and Symptoms: Bulla
large blister; larger than a vessicle
Signs and Symptoms: Comedo
collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle; also called a blackhead
Signs and Symptoms: Contusion
injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain, and bruising; skin is not broken
Signs and Symptoms: Cyst
fluid-filled sac under the skin
Signs and Symptoms: Depigmentation
loss of normal skin color or pigment
Signs and Symptoms: Diaphoresis
profuse sweating
Signs and Symptoms: Ecchymosis
skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin; a bruise
Signs and Symptoms: Erythema
redness or flushing of skin
Signs and Symptoms: Erythroderma
condition of having reddened or flushed skin
Signs and Symptoms: Eschar
thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over deep burn area
Signs and Symptoms: Fissure
crack-like lesion or groove on skin
Signs and Symptoms: Hirsutism
excessive hair growth on body
Signs and Symptoms: Hyperemia
redness of skin due to increased blood flow
Signs and Symptoms: Hyperhidrosis
abnormal condition of excessive sweat
Signs and Symptoms: Hyperpigmentation
abnormal amount of pigmentation in skin
Signs and Symptoms: Lesion
general term for wound, injury, or abnormality
Signs and Symptoms: Leukoderma
having skin that appears white because normal skin pigment is absent; may be all of the skin or just in some areas
Signs and Symptoms: Lipoma
fatty mass
Signs and Symptoms: Macule
flat, discolored area flush with skin surface; freckle or birthmark
Signs and Symptoms: Necrosis
abnormal condition of death
Signs and Symptoms: Nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole; usually benign but may become cancerous
Signs and Symptoms: Nodule
firm, solid mass of cells in skin larger than .5 cm in diameter
Signs and Symptoms: Onychomalacia
softening of the nails
Signs and Symptoms: Pallor
abnormal paleness of skin
Signs and Symptoms: Papule
small, solid, circular raised spot on surface of skin less than .5 cm in diameter
Signs and Symptoms: Petechiae
pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages under skin; singular is petechiae
Signs and Symptoms: Photosensitivity
condition in which skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as UV rays from sun
Signs and Symptoms: Pruritus
severe itching
Signs and Symptoms: Purpura
hemorrhages into skin due to fragile blood vessels that appear dark brown/purplish; commonly seen in older adults
Signs and Symptoms: Purulent
containing pus or infection that is producing pus; pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris
Signs and Symptoms: Pustule
raised spot on skin containing pus
Signs and Symptoms: Pyoderma
presence of pus on or in layers of skin, sign of bacterial infection
Signs and Symptoms: Scleroderma
condition in which skin has lost its elasticity and become hardened
Signs and Symptoms: Seborrhea
oily discharge
Signs and Symptoms: Suppurative
containing or producing pus
Signs and Symptoms: Ulcer
open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
Signs and Symptoms: Urticaria
skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching; usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions (hives)
Signs and Symptoms: Vesicle
blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on skin
Signs and Symptoms: Wheal
small, round, swollen area on skin; typically seen in allergic skin reactions such as hives and usually accompanied by urticaria
Signs and Symptoms: Xeroderma
condition in which skin is abnormally dry
Skin: Abscess
collection of pus in skin
Skin: Acne
inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles resulting in papules and pustules
Skin: Acne Rosacea
chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on nose and cheeks
Skin: Acne Vulgaris
common form of acne seen in teenagers; characterized by comedos, papules, and pustules
Skin: Albinism
genetic condition in which body is unable to make melanin; characterized by white hair and skin and red pupils due to lack of pigment; person is called an albino
Skin: Basal Cell Carcinoma
cancerous tumor of basal cell layer of epidermis; frequent type of skin cancer that rarely metastasizes or spreads; these can arise on sun-exposed skin
Skin: Burn
damage to skin that can result from open fire, electricity, UV light, or chemicals (first, second and third degree)
Cellulitis
diffuse, active infection and inflammation of connective tissue found in skin
Cicatrix
a scar
Decubitus Ulcer
open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences cutting off blood flow to overlying skin; appear in bedridden patients (bedsore)
Dermatitis
inflammation of skin
Dermatosis
indicating presence of abnormal skin condition
Dry Gangrene
affected area becoming dried, blackened, and shriveled (mummified)
Eczema
superficial dermatitis of unknown cause accompanied by redness, vesicles, itching, and crusting
Gangrene
tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply
Ichthyosis
condition in which skin becomes dry, scaly, and keratinized
Impetigo
infectious bacterial infection of skin with pustules that rupture and become crusted over
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
skin cancer frequently seen in AIDS patients; consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from skin and metastasize to internal organs
Keloid
formation of raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after injury or surgery
Keratosis
any skin condition involving overgrowth and thickening of epidermis layer
Laceration
torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut
Malignant Melanoma
dangerous form of skin cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes; may quickly metastasize or spread to internal organs
Pediculosis
infestation with lice; nits cling to hair
Psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition consisting of papules forming “silvery scale” patches with circular borders
Rubella
contagious viral skin infection (germal measals)
Scabies
contagious skin disease caused by egg laying mite that burrows through skin and causes redness and intense itching; often seen in children
Sebaceous Cyst
sac under skin filled with sebum or oil from sebaceous gland; can grow to large size and may be excised
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
cancer of epidermis layer of skin that may invade deeper tissue and metastasize; often begins as sore that does not heal
Strawberry Hemangioma
congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing red birthmark that fades a few months after birth
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
chronic disease of connective tissue that injures skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system and mucous membranes, body’s own immune system attacks body tissue
Tinea
fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling, lesions
Tinea Capitis
fungal infection of scalp; commonly called ringworm
Tinea Pedis
fungal infection of foot; called athlete’s foot
Varicella
contagious viral skin infection; chickenpox
Verruca
warts; benign growth caused by virus; has rough surface removed by chemicals or laser therapy
Vitiligo
disappearance of pigment from skin in patches; leukoderma
Wet Gangrene
area of gangrene that becomes secondarily infected by pus-producing bacteria
Alopecia
absence or loss of hair; baldness
Carbuncle
furuncle involving several hair follicles
Furuncle
bacterial infection of hair follicle; redness, pain, and swelling; boil
Trichomyosis
abnormal condition of hair fungus
Onychia
infected nail bed
Onychomycosis
abnormal condition of nail fungus
Onychoplagia
nail biting (eating)
Paronychia
infection of skin fold around nail
Diagnostic Procedure: Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
Clinical Laboratory Test
grows a colony of bacteria removed from infected area to identify specific infecting bacteria and then determine in sensitivity
Biopsy Procedure: Biopsy
piece of tissue removed by syringe and needle, knife, to examine under a microscope; used to help diagnosis
Excisional Biopsy
entire suspicious area of tissue removed for examination
Exfoliative Cytology
scraping cells from tissue and examining them under microscope
Frozen Section
thin piece of tissue cut from frozen specimen for rapid examination under microscope
Fungal Scrapings
scrapings of tissue from lesion are placed on growth medium and examined under microscope to identify fungal growth
Punch Biopsy
small cylinder of tissue removed from tool like a hole punch
Shave Biospy
using scalpel or razor to remove epidermis or dermis tissue elevated above surface of skin
Therapeutic Procedures: Skin Grafting
skin graft from one person to another (homograft)
Autograft
skin graft from person’s own body
Dermatome
instrument for cutting skin or thin transplants
Dermatoplasty
skin grafting; transplantation of skin
Skin Graft
transfer of skin to cover another site; used for burn victims (dermatoplasty)
Xenograft
skin graft from animal of another species (heterograft)
Cauterization
destruction of tissue by using caustic chemicals, electric currents, or by heating or freezing
Cryosurgery
use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue
Curettage
removal of superficial skin lesions with curette or scraper
Debridement
removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound
Electrocautery
to destroy tissue with electric current
Incision and Drainage
making incision to create opening for drainage or pus
Onychectomy
removal of nail
Chemabrasion
abrasion using chemicals; chemical peel
Dermabrasion
abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper, removes acne scars, tattoos, scar tissue
Laser therapy
removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using laser means that emits intense heat and power at close range
Liposuction
removal of fat by suction
Rhytidectomy
surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles’ face-lift
Broad Spectrum
ability of drug to be effective against wide range of microorganisms
Unit Dose
drug dosage system that provides prepackaged, prelabeled. individual medication that are ready for immediate use
Anesthetic
deadens pain when applied to skin (novacain)
Antibiotic
kills bacteria causing skin infections (ointment)
Antifungal
kills fungi infecting skin (lotrimin)
Antiparasitic
kills mites or lice (lindane)
Antipruritic
reduces severe itching (Caladryl)
Antiseptic
kills bacteria in skin cuts and wounds or at surgical sites (peroxide)
Corticosteroid Cream
anti-inflammatory properties (kenalog)
