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BCBA Exam > Section G > Flashcards

Section G Flashcards

1
Q

generalized conditioned reinforcer (GCR)

A

learned reinforcer through being paired with multiple experiences of conditioned/unconditioned consequences

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2
Q

response prompts

A

the use of a non-specific item to evoke behavior

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3
Q

verbal instructions

A

goal-oriented/task-directed phrases

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4
Q

modeling

A

demonstrating a desired behavior

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5
Q

physical guidance/prompt

A

making contact with individual to provide physical support to evoke behavior; full and partial

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6
Q

stimulus prompts

A

making the SD for a behavior more prominent

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7
Q

movement

A

that act of changing location of physical location

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8
Q

positions

A

placing the correct item closer to the individual

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9
Q

redundancy

A

emphasis is put on the correct item

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10
Q

errorless learning

A

a skill is taught and the individual is immediately prompted with the correct response

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11
Q

most-to-least prompting

A

teaching a skill starting with the most intrusive prompt to ensure the learners contacts the correct response and reinforcement

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12
Q

least-to-most prompting

A

starting with the least intrusive then moving to the next intrusive

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13
Q

time delay

A

step 1: starting with an immediate prompt right after you administer the direction | step 2: present SD and a time delay then present prompt

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14
Q

stimulus fading

A

gradually fading a stimulus by reducing its intensity

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15
Q

graduated guidance

A

teaching a behavior with gradual minimal physical guidance; like MTL but just physical

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16
Q

progressive time delay

A

gradually increasing the time delay

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17
Q

imitation

A

topographically mimic another individual’s behavior

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18
Q

imitation training

A

modeling a behavior for another by breaking the behavior in to procedural steps

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19
Q

generalized imitation

A

continued imitation of nonreinforced responses

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20
Q

modeling

A

demonstrating a behavior for another individual

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21
Q

observational learning

A

learning through observation and without explicit teaching

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22
Q

video modeling

A

a learner watches digital contents in order to acquire a behavior

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23
Q

video self-modeling

A

when a learner watches digital content of themselves performing a behavior

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24
Q

direct instruction (DI)

A

evidence based teaching that falls under ABA; scripting, choral responding, small groups, fast pace!

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25
Q

rules

A

a set of explicit principles that govern conduct

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26
Q

shaping

A

gradually teaching a behavior with differential reinforcing successive approximations

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27
Q

clicker training

A

pairing a click with reinforcement/punishment until it becomes conditioned

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28
Q

differential reinforcement

A

reinforcing one response class while withholding reinforcement for another to shape behavior

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29
Q

successive approximations

A

an attempt to increasingly perform a behavior than before

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30
Q

behavior chain

A

connecting simple behaviors to form more complex ones

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31
Q

behavior chain with a limited hold

A

completing a required task within a certain amount of time which then produces reinforcement

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32
Q

chaining

A

individual steps that require mastery in order to acquire new behaviors

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33
Q

task analysis

A

breaking down complex tasks into simple steps

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34
Q

forward chaining

A

teaching sequence that starts with the first step and has the individual complete the steps in order, receiving reinforcement for each step completed

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35
Q

total-task chaining

A

completing all tasks in a chaining sequence and upon completion the individual receives reinforcement

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36
Q

backward chaining

A

teaching sequence that starts with the very last step and has the individual complete the steps backwards, receiving reinforcement after successfully completing each step

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37
Q

backward chaining with leap aheads

A

teaching sequence that starts with the very last step and has the individual complete the steps backwards, skipping steps that require behaviors that are already in the individual’s repertoire

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38
Q

unchaining

A

unpairing 2 step chain by giving SR to 2nd step even if 1st does not occur

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39
Q

behavior chain interruption strategy (BCIS)

A

used to confirm that the subject can emit the appropriate alternative behavior when one of the steps in the chaining is interrupted

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40
Q

interrupted chain procedure (ICP)

A

interrupt a behavior chain at a certain step so that another behavior can be performed

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41
Q

discrete trial training (DTT)

A

breaking a skill down into discrete components

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42
Q

free-operant teaching

A

reinforcement remains available and the learner can continue to respond without having to wait for a new stimulus

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43
Q

naturalistic environment teaching (NET)

A

incorporate the learner’s natural environment into the teaching, development, and generalization of skills

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44
Q

conditional discrimination

A

when behavior comes under the operant control of one stimulus when it is in the presence or context of another stimulus; 4 term frequency

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45
Q

simple discrimination

A

a person can respond to only one verbal stimulus; 3 term frequency

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46
Q

antecedent intervention

A

alters the environment before a behavior occurs

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47
Q

high probability request sequence (High-P)

A

increases the likelihood of the learner doing what you want them to do (low-p behavior), by first getting them to do things that they want to do (high-p behaviors)

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48
Q

behavioral momentum

A

theory that once one begins engaging in behavior they’ll continue to engage

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49
Q

premack principle

A

do something one prefers not to do, by rewarding it with something one finds highly motivating

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50
Q

functional communication training (FCT)

A

replace challenging behaviour with new ways of communicating that achieve the same thing

51
Q

non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)

A

delivering ongoing brief reinforcement independent of behavior

52
Q

DRA

A

reinforcing an alternative behavior that has the same function as the target behavior

53
Q

DRO

A

reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times

54
Q

DRL

A

positive reinforcer is delivered at the end of a specific interval if a target behavior has occurred at the criterion rate

55
Q

DRD

A

reinforcement is only delivered if the behavior occurs less than a pre set criteria during a pre set interval

56
Q

extinction

A

no longer reinforcing a behavior that was once reinforced as a result decreases

57
Q

extinction burst

A

unwanted effect of extinction - temporary increase in target behavior after extinction has been implemented

58
Q

escape extinction

A

no longer reinforcing a behavior with the function of escape

59
Q

extinction-induced variability

A

when a previously reinforced response is placed on extinction, other forms/responses in the same class begin to emerge

60
Q

resistance to extinction

A

responding keeps occurring even after reinforcement has been removed

61
Q

resurgence

A

unwanted effect of extinction - following implementing extinction, an alternative behavior is reinforced to replace the behavior put on extinction on a dense schedule, as that schedule thins more and more, the schedule may become too thin to maintain the new replacement behavior and the original problem behavior that we were trying to decrease comes back

62
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

unwanted effect of extinction - happens after an extinction burst even though the behavior that was once reinforced is no longer reinforced

63
Q

response blocking

A

physical prevention of a maladaptive behavior from occurring

64
Q

response interruption and redirection (RIRD)

A

presentation of demands to interrupt interfering behavior and redirect the individual to participate in an appropriate response

65
Q

overcorrection

A

a form of punishment that adds on behavior that is aversive

66
Q

restitutional overcorrection

A

participating in a behavior to fix damage that was a result of the maladaptive behavior

67
Q

positive practice overcorrection

A

practicing an appropriate behavior

68
Q

time-out

A

being removed from the area and situation in order to prevent further participation in the target behavior

69
Q

non exclusion time-out

A

remaining in the reinforcing situation, but not reinforcing activities

70
Q

planned ignoring

A

inattention to the occurrence of the target behavior

71
Q

terminate specific reinforcer contact

A

variation of nonexclusion time-out where each occurrence of the target behavior immediately stops an activity or sensory reinforcer

72
Q

contingent observation

A

a student who engages in inappropriate behavior is required to stand or sit

73
Q

partition/select space time-out

A

when you take the child out of their environment into a separate room

74
Q

exclusion time-out

A

removing the child from the reinforcing situation but not from the room or area of activity

75
Q

response cost

A

removing reinforcement for an undesirable behavior

76
Q

bonus response cost

A

making more NCR available and removing them when the target behavior occurs

77
Q

token

A

backup reinforcers earned that can be turned in for primary reinforcers

78
Q

token economy

A

visualize progress, work for delayed reinforcement

79
Q

backup reinforcer

A

an activity, item or privilege that an individual enjoys

80
Q

level system

A

individual moves up and down through various levels contingent upon specific behaviors

81
Q

contingency contract

A

written agreement between two people that specifies a behavior that one person agrees to engage in

82
Q

self-contract

A

a contingency contract one makes with themselves

83
Q

group contingency

A

a group is reinforced for completing a task or engaging in appropriate behavior

84
Q

independent group contingency

A

contingency is presented to the group but only those who meet the criteria earn it

85
Q

dependent group contingency

A

a contingency is offered to an entire group based on the criteria met by one or more members

86
Q

hero procedure

A

aka for dependent group contingency

87
Q

interdependent group contingency

A

provides rewards to the entire group if, and only if, each member of the group meets the criterion

88
Q

good behavior game (GBG)

A

an approach to the management of group behaviors that rewards individuals for engaging in appropriate behaviors

89
Q

delay discounting

A

the depreciating value of reinforcement in relation to the delay in time it takes for it to be received

90
Q

habit reversal

A

a behavior intervention that works to treat repetitive behaviors

91
Q

massed practice

A

a learning procedures in which trials occur closer together or all at once

92
Q

self-control (Skinner’s analysis)

A

when responding results a delay in large reinforcers instead of immediate small ones

93
Q

self-evaluation

A

requires an individual to reflect on their performance and their set goal

94
Q

self-instruction

A

use of instructional statements to guide one’s own behavior

95
Q

self-management

A

strategies that monitor and regulate behaviors

96
Q

self-monitoring

A

recording one’s own behavior

97
Q

systematic desensitization

A

gradual exposure to small aversive situations

98
Q

stimulus generalization

A

giving same response when coming into contact with various people, settings, situations

99
Q

stimulus generalization gradient

A

the degree in which an individual can generalize across stimuli

100
Q

response generalization

A

variation in responses when presented with a specific stimulus

101
Q

naturally existing contingency

A

a consequence that is not learned

102
Q

contrived contingency

A

a consequence that is learned

103
Q

teach enough examples

A

aka multiple exemplar training; teaching style that targets stimulus generalization and response generalization

104
Q

generalization probe

A

a new stimulus is presented within the same stimulus class, checking to see if generalization is occurring

105
Q

multiple-exemplar training

A

aka teach enough examples; teaching style that targets stimulus generalization and response generalization

106
Q

general case analysis

A

Is a systematic way of teaching examples that represent a full range of both stimulus and responses

107
Q

program common stimuli

A

creating a mock environment to practice learned skills

108
Q

teach loosely

A

variation in stimuli, setting, and environment to establish generalization

109
Q

indiscriminable contingency

A

a contingency that doesn’t allow the individual to know what is coming next

110
Q

response maintenance

A

the response still occurs even after the intervention has been discontinued

111
Q

Fading Response Prompts [MGLD]

A

Most-to-Least
Least-to-Most
Graduated Guidance
Time-Delay

112
Q

Fading Stimulus Prompts [FS]

A

Fading
Shape Transformations

113
Q

Defining Features of Imitation [F.MIC]

A

Formal Similarity - Model - Immediacy - Controlled Relation

114
Q

Rules of Modeling [SPEIRF]

A

Similarities - Prestige - Emphasis - Instructions - Real Life - Feedback

115
Q

Shaping Methods [A&W]

A

Across Response Topographies
Within Response Topographies

116
Q

Behavior Chain Methods

A

Forward Chaining
Total Task
Backward Chaining
Backward Chaining with Leaps Ahead

117
Q

Protocol for Successful Chaining [CLSSR]

A

Completeness - Length of Chain - SR Schedules - Stimulus Variation - Response Variation

118
Q

Parts of Stimulus Equivalence

A

Reflexivity - Symmetry - Transitivity - Stimulus Equivalence

119
Q

Types of DRL

A

Space-Responding - Full Session - Interval

120
Q

Group Contingencies

A

Independent
Interdependent
Dependent

121
Q

Elements of a Behavior Contract

A

Behavior - Reward - Data

122
Q

Skinner’s Verbal Operants [EMIT^3]

A

Echoic - Mand - Intraverbal - Transcription - Textual - Tact

123
Q

Types of Tact Extensions

A

Solecistic - Metaphorical - Metonymical - Generic

BCBA Exam (9 decks)

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