Section D Flashcards
independent variable
manipulated variable that works to produce reliable change to the DV
dependent variable
measured behavior of an experiment and is what changes based on the IV
external validity
when a study’s findings have generality
internal validity
convincing data that show changes in the DV are a result of the IV
single-subject designs
demonstrate the effects of the IV on the DV (behavior) of individuals who serve as their own control
prediction
anticipated outcome of a future event based on knowledge of previous events
replication
repeating conditions to determine reliability, generality of acquired behavior-change
verification
if the IV wasn’t introduced this depicts the prior baseline would remain the same
repeated measures
subjects’ DV are measured multiple times
single-subject designs vs group design
individual serves as control vs individuals are assignment to a treatment group and control group
changing criterion design
gradual change in reinforcement/punishment; criterion must be met before moving onto next set/increasing/decreasing requirements
reversal design
alternating the presentation and removal the intervention
multiple baseline design (across setting/subject/behaviors)
starts with concurrent measurement and sequential implementation of the treatment/intervention
multielement/alternating treatment design
measures the effects of multiple treatments at once
parametric analysis
evaluating how much of the treatment is effective
non-parametric analysis
evaluating the effects of when the treatment is present and absent
component analysis
evaluating which IV of the treatment package is the most effective; 2+
comparative analysis
evaluating which IV within the treatment package works best; 2
Patterns of Baseline [DAVS]
Descending - Ascending - Stable - Variable
Baseline Logic [PAVR]
Prediction - Affirmation - Verification - Replication
Primary Types of Experimental Design
Multiple Baseline - Changing Criterion - Reversal/Withdrawal - Multielement
AKAs for Multielement Design
Simultaneous Treatment Design
Alternating Treatment Design
Multi-element Baseline Design
Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement
Chained Schedule of Reinforcement
Multiple Schedules of Reinforcement
Problems Multielement Designs Avoid
Irreversibility - Sequence Effects - Unstable Data
Confounding Threats to Internal Validity [MISS]
Measurement Confounds
IV Confounds
Setting Confounds
Subject Confounds
AKA: Single-Subject Design
Single-Case
Within-Subject
Intra-Subject
AKA: Reversal Design
Withdrawal
ABAB
BAB
AKA: Sequence Effects
Carryover Effects
Alteration Effects
AKA: Confounding Variables
Extraneous Variables
AKA: Type 1 Error
False Positive
AKA: Type 2 Error
False Negative
