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BCBA Exam > Section B > Flashcards

Section B Flashcards

1
Q

environment

A

the world around us; where all behavior happens

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2
Q

behavior

A

anything a living organism does

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3
Q

overt behavior

A

observable and measurable behavior

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4
Q

covert behavior

A

behavior that is not observable; is inferred by observers and reported by subjects

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5
Q

dead man’s test

A

if a dead man can do it, then it is not behavior

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6
Q

response

A

a single instance of behavior

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7
Q

response class

A

a group of responses that share the same function but may look different

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8
Q

stimulus

A

something that affects our receptor cells

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9
Q

stimulus class

A

a group of stimuli that share common characteristics (formal, temporal, &/or functional)

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10
Q

repertoire

A

all skills/behaviors an individual has mastered and are in their “tool box”

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11
Q

habituation

A

a behavior that occurs from the repeated presentation of a stimulus; does not involve fatigue

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12
Q

operant extinction

A

a behavior that was previously reinforced, is no longer reinforced, and as a result decreases

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13
Q

respondent extinction

A

unpairing the Conditioned Stimulus with the Conditioned response, CS no longer elicits a CR

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14
Q

reflex

A

An unconditioned response following a stimulus

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15
Q

respondent behavior

A

Behavior occurring in response to antecedent stimuli in the environment

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16
Q

respondent conditioning

A

UCS+ NS repeatedly paired, the UCS becomes CS which elicits a CR

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17
Q

operant behavior

A

Learned behavior through the three term contingency; Skinner

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18
Q

operant conditioning

A

reinforcement and punishments are modified to strengthen or weaken a behavior

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19
Q

neutral stimulus

A

a stimulus that has no prior learning history/conditioning with the organism

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20
Q

evoke

A

a voluntary response is produced; operant; MO (EO & AO)

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21
Q

emit

A

a natural response to a stimulus; operant; SD

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22
Q

elicit

A

an involuntary response occurs; respondent

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23
Q

higher-order conditioning

A

when a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus - eliciting a response

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24
Q

stimulus-stimulus pairing

A

two stimuli are presented repeatedly until results in a response

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25
Q

positive reinforcement

A

stimuli added; increases behavior

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26
Q

negative reinforcement

A

stimuli removed; increases behavior

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27
Q

positive punishment

A

stimuli added; decreases behavior

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28
Q

negative punishment

A

stimuli removed; decreases behavior

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29
Q

automatic contingency

A

consequence occurs on one’s own, doesn’t involve another individual

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30
Q

automaticity of reinforcement

A

reinforcement occurs without awareness of operant conditioning occurring

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31
Q

socially mediated contingencies

A

consequence is provided by another person, that person is the “mediator” for delivering the consequence

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32
Q

Conditioned punisher

A

Learned, decreases behavior

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33
Q

conditioned reinforcer

A

Learned, increases behavior

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34
Q

unconditioned punisher

A

Unlearned, decreases behavior

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35
Q

unconditioned reinforcer

A

Unlearned, increases behavior

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36
Q

generalized reinforcer

A

a learned reinforcer that has been paired with multiple conditioned or unconditioned reinforcement contingencies

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37
Q

generalized punisher

A

a learned punisher that has been paired with multiple conditioned or unconditioned punishment contingencies

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38
Q

schedules of reinforcement

A

how often and within what criteria will a behavior will receive reinforcement

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39
Q

continuous reinforcement (CRF)

A

every instance of behavior is reinforced

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40
Q

intermittent schedules of reinforcement (INT)

A

when only some, but not all, instances of behavior are reinforced

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41
Q

fixed ratio (FR)

A

a fixed number of responses must occur in order to receive reinforcement

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42
Q

variable ratio (VR)

A

reinforcement is provided following an average number of responses

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43
Q

fixed interval (FI)

A

following a set amount of time and a correct response, a response is reinforced

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44
Q

variable interval (VI)

A

a response is reinforced after a variable (average) amount of time has passed

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45
Q

differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior (DRH)

A

reinforcement is provided for responses that occur at a higher rate than the predetermined criterion

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46
Q

differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

A

reinforcement is provided for responses that occur at a lower rate than the predetermined criterion

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47
Q

differential reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD)

A

reinforcement is provided for responses that occur at a progressively/gradual reduced rate than the predetermined criterion

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48
Q

progressive schedule of reinforcement

A

direction relation between one’s breaking point and the potency of a reinforcer

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49
Q

concurrent schedule (conc)

A

potential SD;2 or more schedules are in effect seperately and at the same time for 2 or more behaviors

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50
Q

compound schedule

A

combining continuous, FR, FI, VR, VI, DRH, DRD, DRL, and extinction

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51
Q

multiple schedule (mult)

A

SD; 2 or more basic schedules are alternated occurring successively and independently

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52
Q

chained schedule (chain)

A

SD; 1 or more response classes; schedules are successive and must occur in order

53
Q

mixed schedule (mix)

A

No SD; 1 response class; schedules are successive and occur at random

54
Q

tandem schedule (tand)

A

No SD; 1 or more response classes; schedules are successive and must occur in order

55
Q

alternative schedule (alt)

A

SD is possible; schedules are simultaneous and include a ratio or interval; either schedule has to be met

56
Q

conjunctive schedule (conj)

A

SD is possible; schedules are simultaneous and include a ratio or interval; both schedules have to be met

57
Q

motivating operations

A

altering the value of a stimulus and frequency of a behavior

58
Q

discriminative stimulus (SD)

A

signals that reinforcement is available

59
Q

stimulus control

A

behavior occurs in the presence of a particular stimulus; does not occur without the presence of that stimuli

60
Q

stimulus delta

A

signaling that reinforcement is unavailable

61
Q

establishing operations

A

increasing the value of a stimulus and increases the frequency of a behavior

62
Q

evocative effect

A

behavior altering effect; in the moment increase in the frequency of behavior

63
Q

reinforcer establishing effect

A

value altering effect; in the moment increase in the effectiveness of the stimulus

64
Q

abolishing operations

A

decreasing the value of a stimulus and decreases the frequency of a behavior

65
Q

abative effect

A

behavior altering effect; in the moment decrease in the frequency of behavior

66
Q

reinforcer abolishing effect

A

value altering effect; in the moment decrease in the effectiveness of the stimulus

67
Q

reflexive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R)

A

a signal that engages an individual in a behavior to avoid to escape from an non-preferred situation

68
Q

transitive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-T)

A

signaling an individual to engage in a behavior that requires a supplemental mo in order to help fulfill their original mo

69
Q

surrogate conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S)

A

signals an individual to engage in behavior that is paired with a stimulus that accompanies their original mo

70
Q

unconditioned motivating operation (UMO)

A

an mo that is not learned but is needed for the individual’s survival

71
Q

rule-governed behavior

A

behavior that is controlled by written or verbal rules; requires a contingency prediction during the antecedent phase

72
Q

contingency- shaped behavior

A

behavior that is reinforced or punished through previous consequences; aka operant behavior

73
Q

discrimination

A

a limited number of stimuli result in a response

74
Q

generalization

A

application of what is learned in one setting/behavior/environment/individual, in the individual’s natural environment

75
Q

maintenance

A

the long-lasting performance of acquired skills that are maintained through naturally occurring reinforcement and punishment

76
Q

relevance of behavior rule

A

only behaviors that are most likely to result in reinforcement, in the individual’s natural environment, are to be targeted for change

77
Q

verbal operant

A

a unit of verbal behavior in operant conditioning

78
Q

mand

A

vocal and non-vocal; request; an mo must be present; no FS, no PTP

79
Q

tact

A

naming and object or action using five senses; no FS, no PTP

80
Q

echoic

A

repeating what another person says; primary verbal operant; duplic - PTP & FS

81
Q

intraverbal

A

a verbal (vocal or non-vocal) exchange between two people where speaker gives a response based on another verbal stimulus; no FS or PTP; 4 types of verbal discrimination

82
Q

textual

A

reading what is written; codic; no FS, has PTP

83
Q

transcription

A

writing what is heard; primary verbal operant; codic - has PTP, no FS

84
Q

reflexivity

A

a type of stimulus equivalence that shows a relationship between two identical stimuli (A=A)

85
Q

symmetry

A

a type of stimulus equivalence that shows an interchangeable relationship between two stimuli (A=B;B=A)

86
Q

transitivity

A

a type of stimulus equivalence that shows an interchangeable relationship between three stimuli (A=B;B=C;C=A)

87
Q

combinatorial entailment

A

combining two instance of mutual entailment together

88
Q

Receptors Systems Impacted by Stimuli [P.I.E]

A

Proprioceptors - Interoceptors - Exteroceptors

89
Q

Types of Stimulus Classes [For The Fun, For All]

A

Formal - Temporal - Functional - Feature - Arbritrary

90
Q

Types of Positive Reinforcers [S.E.A.T.S]

A

Social - Edible - Activity - Tangible - Sensory

91
Q

Types of Negative Reinforcement “E.A. sports - its in the game”

A

Escape - Avoidance

92
Q

Types of Positive Punishment Interventions [S.O.R^3.E.]

A

Shock - Overcorrection - RIRD - Response Blocking Reprimands - Excercise

93
Q

Types of Response Cost [B.F.E]

A

Bonus - Fines - Existing Cache

94
Q

Types of Time Out [S.E.N]

A

Seclusion - Exclusionary - Non-Exclusionary

95
Q

Types of Non-Exclusionary Time Out [I.W.O.R.P]

A

Ignoring - Withdrawal - Observation - Ribbon - Partition

96
Q

Types of Extinction [P.A.N]

A

Positive - Automatic - Negative

97
Q

Promoting Generalization [CLEMMING TRAP]

A

Common Stimuli - Loosely Train - Exemplars Mediation - Self-Mangement - Indiscriminable Contingencies Negative Teaching - General Case Analysis - Trap

98
Q

Variations of Intermittent Schedules [LPD^2]

A

Lag - Progressive - Delay - Differential Reinforcement

99
Q

Types of Compound Schedules [C.M.C.M.T.A.C]

A

Concurrent - Multiple - Chained - Mixed - Tandem Alternative - Conjunctive

100
Q

AKA: Respondent Behavior

A

Reflex
US-UR

101
Q

AKA: Respondent Conditioning

A

Pairing
Pavlovian Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing

102
Q

AKA: Operant Behavior

A

ABC
3 term Contingency
S-R-S Model

103
Q

AKA: Operant Contingency

A

ABC
3 term Contingency
Behavioral Contingency

104
Q

AKA: Positive R+

A

SR+
Type 1 R+

105
Q

AKA: Negative R+

A

SR-
Type 2 R+

106
Q

AKA: Automatic R+

A

Sensory; Self Stimulatory Behaviors

107
Q

AKA: Unconditioned Reinforcer/R+

A

Primary Reinforcer
Unlearner Reinforcer

108
Q

AKA: Conditioned Reinforcer/R+

A

Secondary Reinforcer
Learned Reinforcer

109
Q

AKA: Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer (GCSR)

A

Generalized Reinforcer
Nonspecific Reinforcer

110
Q

AKA: Rule-Governed Behavior

A

Rules

111
Q

AKA: Contingency-Shaped Behavior

A

Contingency Control

112
Q

AKA: Punishment

A

SD-
SDP
SP

113
Q

AKA: Positive Punishment

A

Type 1 Punishment

114
Q

AKA: Negative Punishment

A

Type 2 Punishment

115
Q

AKA: Unconditioned Punisher

A

Primary Punisher
Unlearned Punisher

116
Q

AKA: Conditioned Punisher

A

Secondary Punisher
Learned Punisher

117
Q

AKA: Extinction

A

Operant Extinction

118
Q

AKA: Automatic R+ Extinction

A

Sensory Extinction

119
Q

AKA: Masking

A

Stimulus Blocking

120
Q

AKA: Discriminative Stimulus

A

SD

121
Q

AKA: Stimulus Delta

A

SΔ

122
Q

AKA: Stimulus Discrimination

A

Discrimination Training

123
Q

AKA: Value Altering Effect of an EO

A

Reinforcer-Establishing Effect

124
Q

AKA: Behavior Altering Effect of an EO

A

Evocative Effect

125
Q

AKA: Value Altering Effect of an AO

A

Reinforcer-Abolishing Effect

126
Q

AKA: Behavior Altering Effect of an AO

A

Abative Effect

127
Q

AKA: Matching Law

A

Matching Theory

128
Q

AKA: Adjunctive Behaviors

A

Schedule-Induced Behaviors

BCBA Exam (9 decks)

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