Section B- Aspects of Personality Flashcards
Sub-division of personality
Psychological core
-Beliefs and values
Typical response
-Usual response to a situation, often learned
Role-related behaviour
-dependent on specific circumstances
Trait Theory
NATURE
- We were born with inherited characteristics
- They are stable, enduring and consistent
Personality dimensions (Eysenck)
Introverted
-Less arousal and stimulation required
Extroverted
-More arousal and stimulation required
Stable
-Calm and level headed
Neurotic
-Rapid reactions in stressful conditions
Evaluation of the trait theory
- Too simplistic
- Doesn’t account for personality changing over time
- Does not account for situational factors
Interationist theory
-Personality is a mixture if inherited traits and the current situation
Measurement of personality
- Self-report questionnaire > 16 personality factors
- Observation
Criticism of measuring personality
- Participants response may be influenced by the mood of the performer
- Performer may not fully understand the questions
- Limited response options
What is POMS
Profile of mood states
-used to identify successful athletes
6 mood states
-Tension Depression -Anger -Vigour -Fatigue -Confusion
Iceberg Profile
- High vigour
- everything else is low
Achievement motivation
- Need to achieve
- Need to avoid failure
Characteristics of Need to Achieve
- Sense of pride
- Perseverance
- Confident
Characteristics of Need to avoid Failure
- Attempt to avoid shame and humiliation
- Give up easily
- Attribute performance to external factors
What does achievement motivation consider
Situation
2 evaluation aspects of achievement motivation assesses
- The probability of success
- The incentive value of success (feeling of pride or shame from the final result)
Critical points when evaluating Achievement Motivation theory
- Achievement motivation is not a global concept
- Most useful when task involves 50-50 chance of success
- Measuring achievement motivation using attitudes and anxiety scale may be unreliable
- No clear relationship between achievement motivation and performance has been established
Achievement Goal theory
Outcome Goals
-a goal that judges the individuals performance against others and the end result
Task-orientated Goals
-Judges performance against individuals own standard
Developing approach behaviour
- Provide positive experiences
- Reduce punishment
- Raise levels of self-efficacy and avoid learned helplessness
- Use attributions correctly
- Provide encouragement
