Section 8 - The Plantations Flashcards
Give 4 reasons why english monarchs wanted to plant Ireland.
1) To extend their rule beyond the pale.
2) To make future rebellions impossible.
3) It was cheaper than setting up a permanent army there.
4) To force Irish people to about to english laws and customs.
Name the 4 plantations.
1) Laois & Offaly
2) Munster
3) Ulster
4) Cromwellian
Who led the Laois & Offaly plantation?
Queen Mary
Why did queen Mary decide to plant Laois and Offaly?
Because native Irish (O’Connors and O’Mores) kept raiding the pale.
How much land did queen Mary take from the O’Connors and the O’Mores? What happened to this land?
Queen Mary took 2/3 of the O’Connors and the O’Mores land and set it aside for english planters.
Who ordered the second plantation?
Queen Elisabeth
Why did queen Elisabeth order the munster plantation?
Because the Fitzgerlds rebelled against her.
What happened to Fitzgerld’s land?
1/2 million acres of Fitzgerld’s land was given to undertakers.
Why did the Munster plantation succeed?
It didn’t. Not enough undertakers came to Munster for it to be successful.
Give 2 results of Queen Elisabeth’s Munster plantation.
1) English farming methods were introduced to Ireland.
2) Protestantism was introduced to Munster.
Who carried out the Ulster plantation?
King James
What was the “Flight of The Earls”?
The O’Neills and the O’Donnells lost the 9 years year and fled from Ireland.
What happened after “Flight of The Earls”?
King James planted Ulster.
King James gave land to three kinds of settlers. Name them.
1) Undertakers
2) Servitors
3) Irish Gentlemen
Who were undertakers?
English or Scottish gentlemen who were given 2000-1000 acres of land. They had protect their land from the native Irish by building castles with bawns for protection. They could not take on Irish tenants.
Who were Servitors?
Men who had served the king as soldiers. They received smaller estates than undertakers and paid a higher rent. They were allowed to take on Irish tenants. Like undertakers, they had to build bawns for protection.
Who were Irish Gentlemen?
Irish landlords who ran remained loyal to the king. They were given estates of 1000acres at twice the rent of undertakers.
King Jame’s Ulster plantation was very successful. Mention 2 way it influenced Ireland.
1) Politics-Many parts of Ulster were now loyal to England, this led to violence between Catholics and Protestants which has existed until recent times.
2) Gaelic culture and language was replaced by english culture and language.
Who led the Cromwellian plantation?
Oliver Cromwell
Why did Cromwell want to plant Ireland?
Because he didn’t like Catholics and thought it would be a good idea to plant Ireland with Protestant settlers. He also needed Irish land to pay off his soldiers and adventures who had loaned him money.
Under what act did Catholics who couldn’t prove they were loyal to Cromwell have to move to the west of the Shannon?
The act of settlement
What happened to the land take from Irish people who couldn’t prove their loyalty to Cromwell?
It was given to Protestant settlers and adventurers.
Did Cromwell’s plantation work as he had planned it to? Why/Why not?
No. Some adventurers never came and sold their estates. Others married Catholic women and raised Catholic children. Others were absentees (lived in England rather than on their Irish estates).
What was the pale? What laws and customs were in place there?
A small area around Dublin controlled by Britain. English laws and customs were in place there.
