Section 7 - The Reformation Flashcards
What was Simony?
When bishops and popes bribed people to elect them.
What was Pluralism?
When bishops owned many dioceses.
What was Absenteeism?
When bishops didn’t live in their diocese.
Explain “Immoral Lives”.
Some popes had mistresses and fathered many children.
Name a religious reformer.
Martin Luther
Where was Martin Luther born?
In the german state of Saxony.
In what university did Martin Luther study?
Luther studied law in Erfurt University.
After he survived a thunderstorm, Luther joined an order of monks. Name this order.
The Augustinian Order.
At what university did Luther become a professor?
The university of Wittenberg
While teaching at the university of Wittenberg, what important event did Luther witness?
A friar came to town selling indulgences.
After witnessing the friar sell indulgences, what did Luther do?
He wrote 95 theses and pinned them to the church door.
Who was the pope of the church at the time?
Pope Leo X
How did Pope Leo X react to Luther’s ideas?
Pope Leo X condemned Luther’s ideas and issued a papal bull to Luther.
What happened at the Edict of worms?
Luther was declared a heretic and an outlaw.
After Luther was condemned an outlaw he was in danger of being killed. Who saved him and how?
Frederick of Saxony brought Luther to Wartburg castle.
What did Luther do at Wartburg castle?
He translated the bible into German.
What helped Luther’s ideas to spread quickly?
The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg.
Many people became followers of Luther. What were these people called?
Lutherans
Mention 4 ways that Lutherans’ beliefs were different from those of the Catholic Church.
1) Lutherans believed that the only source of religious truth was the bible. Catholics believed that religious truth could be found in the traditions of the church as well as the bible.
2) Lutherans believed in Justification by faith alone. Catholics believed that good works as well as faith.
3) Lutherans believed there were 2 sacraments. Catholics believed there were 7.
4) Lutherans allowed priests to marry. Catholics did not.
Name another religious reformer and say what they believed.
John Calvin believed that God has chosen those who would go to heaven and hell before they were born (Predestination). He set up the Presbyterian religion.
Name an organisation involved in the Counter-Reformation.
The Jesuits
Who set up the Jesuits?
St. Ignatius of Loyola
What vows did Ignatius make the Jesuits follow?
A vow of poverty and not to marry.
Describe the manner in which Ignatius ran the Jesuits.
With military discipline.
Name the book that Ignatius wrote to instruct his followers how to act.
Spiritual exercises
Mention 3 things the Jesuits did to stop the spread of Protestantism.
1) They restored Christianity to Southern German and Poland.
2) They built too class schools for the sons of nobles who would later influence society.
3) The built many churches.
During the reformation who was the king of England?
King Henry VIII
King Henry VIII broke with the church and made himself head of the church in England. Under what act did he do this?
The Act of Supremacy
Explain how England became a Protestant state. Under whose rule did this happen?
Under the rule of Queen Elisabeth I, England became a Protestant state. She introduced Anglicanism (a mix of Christianity and Protestantism) to England. However the Pope encourage Catholics to rebel. Queen Elisabeth I then executed the Catholics and made England a Protestant state.
What laws were introduced to Ireland to convert them to Protestantism?
The penal laws
Why wasn’t Ireland converted to Protestantism?
Protestant missionaries couldn’t speak Irish.
What part of Ireland did become Protestant and why?
Northern Ireland became Protestant as a result of the Ulster plantation of 1609.
The reformation was caused by defects of the Catholic Church. Name 5 of them.
1) Simony
2) Pluralism
3) Absenteeism
4) Immoral Lives
5) Nepotism
