Section 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of subacute cough

A

post-infectious

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2
Q

leading cause of hemoptysis worldwide

A

Tuberculosis

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3
Q

most common documented causative agent in acute bronchitis

A

Respiratory viruses

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4
Q

most common causal agent for the common cold

A

rhinovirus

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5
Q

most common infection in the elderly and represents the fifth leading cause of death among the elderly

A

Pneumonia

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6
Q

most common serious viral infection in the elderly

A

Influenza

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7
Q

leading cause for transfer from nursing home to the hospital and the leading cause of death in nursing home patients

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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8
Q

leading cause of infection in nursing homes

A

urinary tract infections

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9
Q

most common manifestation of pulmonary vasculitis from asymptomatic chest radiograph abnormalities to severe respiratory failure

A

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage

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10
Q

second leading infectious cause of death, especially among those with human immunodeficiency disease (HIV)

A

Tuberculosis

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11
Q

most common extrapulmonary site of tuberculosis

A

lymphatic system

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12
Q

most common method for screening for exposure to M. tuberculosis

A

skin test

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13
Q

best method of confirming diagnosis and the most specific test for the disease, detecting as few as 10 bacteria/mL

A

Sputum or other tissue cultures for M. tuberculosis

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14
Q

the strongest known risk factor for tuberculosis

A

HIV infection

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15
Q

anti-tuberculosis with strongest bactericidal action

A

INH

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16
Q

most common cause of secondary pneumothorax

A

COPD

17
Q

most common physical finding in pneumothorax

A

Sinus tachycardia

18
Q

most common acute asthma stimulus

A

Viral

19
Q

best predictor of hospitalization in patients with acute asthma

A

Repeat either FEV1 or PEFR because comparing measures at ED presentation and 1 hour after treatment

20
Q

most common side effect of β-adrenergic drugs

A

skeletal muscle tremor

21
Q

most common adverse effect of IV glucocorticoids

A

hyperglycemia

22
Q

most common infection in the elderly and represents the fifth leading cause of death among the elderly

A

pneumonia

23
Q

most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV

A

S. pneumoniae

24
Q

most common precursor of empyema patients

A

Bacterial pneumonia with a parapneumonic effusion

25
Q

most common finding is a normal chest radiograph, especially in immunocompromised patients.

A

Pulmonary tuberculosis

26
Q

best used for diagnosis of tuberculosis

A

NAAT

27
Q

most common chronic disease of childhood

A

asthma

28
Q

Most life-threatening feature of an acute COPD exacerbation

A

hypoxemia (arterial saturation <90%)