Section 8 Flashcards
Most common cause of subacute cough
post-infectious
leading cause of hemoptysis worldwide
Tuberculosis
most common documented causative agent in acute bronchitis
Respiratory viruses
most common causal agent for the common cold
rhinovirus
most common infection in the elderly and represents the fifth leading cause of death among the elderly
Pneumonia
most common serious viral infection in the elderly
Influenza
leading cause for transfer from nursing home to the hospital and the leading cause of death in nursing home patients
Aspiration pneumonia
leading cause of infection in nursing homes
urinary tract infections
most common manifestation of pulmonary vasculitis from asymptomatic chest radiograph abnormalities to severe respiratory failure
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
second leading infectious cause of death, especially among those with human immunodeficiency disease (HIV)
Tuberculosis
most common extrapulmonary site of tuberculosis
lymphatic system
most common method for screening for exposure to M. tuberculosis
skin test
best method of confirming diagnosis and the most specific test for the disease, detecting as few as 10 bacteria/mL
Sputum or other tissue cultures for M. tuberculosis
the strongest known risk factor for tuberculosis
HIV infection
anti-tuberculosis with strongest bactericidal action
INH
most common cause of secondary pneumothorax
COPD
most common physical finding in pneumothorax
Sinus tachycardia
most common acute asthma stimulus
Viral
best predictor of hospitalization in patients with acute asthma
Repeat either FEV1 or PEFR because comparing measures at ED presentation and 1 hour after treatment
most common side effect of β-adrenergic drugs
skeletal muscle tremor
most common adverse effect of IV glucocorticoids
hyperglycemia
most common infection in the elderly and represents the fifth leading cause of death among the elderly
pneumonia
most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV
S. pneumoniae
most common precursor of empyema patients
Bacterial pneumonia with a parapneumonic effusion
most common finding is a normal chest radiograph, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Pulmonary tuberculosis
best used for diagnosis of tuberculosis
NAAT
most common chronic disease of childhood
asthma
Most life-threatening feature of an acute COPD exacerbation
hypoxemia (arterial saturation <90%)
