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rentinalli MOST COMMON > Section 12 > Flashcards

Section 12 Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of pediatric cardiac arrest

A

respiratory failure

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2
Q

most commonly used for ventilation

A

Self-inflating bag-valve mask system

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3
Q

most important factor determining the type of transport

A

Team availability and skill level

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4
Q

Most important in the resuscitation of neonates

A

rapid establishment of effective ventilation and determining the heart rate before initiating CPR

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5
Q

most readily available site for venous access in the newborn

A

umbilical vein

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6
Q

most common type of TEF

A

Esophageal atresia with a distal tracheoesophageal fistula

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7
Q

most common rhythms seen in pediatric arrest

A

Bradycardias

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8
Q

number one cause of death in children >4 years old

A

Motor traffic-related injury

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9
Q

most commonly injured solid organ

A

spleen

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10
Q

the second leading cause of death in abused children

A

Abdominal trauma

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11
Q

second most commonly injured solid organ/s

A

liver and kidney

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12
Q

most common injury in blunt chest trauma in children (evolve 4 to 6 hours after injury)

A

Pulmonary contusions

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13
Q

most common fracture in the thoracolumbar spine and are usually stable and managed non-operatively

A

Compression fractures

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14
Q

most common neurologic deficits among pediatric cervical spine injury patients

A

Sensory symptoms

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15
Q

most common complaint following mild traumatic brain injury, with an onset within 7 days of the initial injury, and can be acute or persistent in nature

A

headache

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16
Q

Strongest and most consistent predictor of slower recovery in concussion

A

severity of symptoms during the first few days following injury

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17
Q

most common mechanism of cervical spine injuries

A

Motor vehicle crashes

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18
Q

second most common mechanism of cervical spine injuries

A

falls

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19
Q

most cost-effective modality for imaging the cervical spine in adults

A

CT

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20
Q

modality of choice for the diagnosis and evaluation of children with focal neurologic deficits on exam or those who report persistent severe cervical spine pain with normal plain radiographs

A

MRI

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21
Q

narrowest point of the child’s trachea

A

cricoid ring

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22
Q

most common complication of IO

A

Extravasation at the insertion site

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23
Q

most commonly accessed site of IO 2 cm inferior (distal) to the tibial tuberosity

A

Anteromedial proximal tibia

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24
Q

most valid and reliable tool and is recommended especially for children who do not have the ability to serially numerate

A

Faces Pain Scale–Revised

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25
Q

most frequently used self-report measure of pain intensity in older children and adults with acute pain.

A

Verbal numeric rating scale

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26
Q

most commonly used benzodiazepine for procedural sedation or anxiolysis in children

A

midazolam

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27
Q

most common cause of neonatal cardiorespiratory distress

A

Neonatal sepsis

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28
Q

most common site of infection in neonates

A

lungs

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29
Q

most common cause of stridor in neonates

A

laryngomalacia

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30
Q

most common surgically correctible cause of vomiting in newborns

A

Pyloric stenosis

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31
Q

the most critical electrolyte disturbance in DKA

A

Change in the serum potassium level

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32
Q

most common explanations for ALTE or BRUE

A

Gastroesophageal reflux

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33
Q

leading cause of death for infants between 1 month and 1 year of age

A

SIDS

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34
Q

most common serious bacterial illness

A

UTI with or without pyelonephritis

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35
Q

overall are the most frequent cause of fever in infant

A

viral infections

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36
Q

most common cause of hyponatremia

A

SIADH from brain inflammation

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37
Q

third most common diagnosis for ED visits in children under 15 years old

A

otitis media

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38
Q

Most common acute complication of AOM

A

tympanic membrane perforation

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39
Q

most common risk factor of AOM

A

hyperhydration and maceration of the epithelial layer lining the canal

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40
Q

most common infectious cause of ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis

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41
Q

most common presenting signs of Retinoblastoma

A

leukocoria and strabismus

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42
Q

most common pathogen of acute bacterial sinusitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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43
Q

most common form of recurrent oral ulcers

A

Aphthous ulcers (canker sores)

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44
Q

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is most commonly caused by

A

Coxsackievirus A16

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45
Q

most common presentation of primary herpes infection during 6 months to 5 years of age

A

Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

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46
Q

best known acute clinical manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus infection

A

Viral Pharyngitis (EBV)

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47
Q

most commonly occurring form of acute bacterial pharyngitis for which antibiotic therapy is indicated

A

GABHS pharyngitis

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48
Q

most commonly injured teeth are the maxillary central incisors

A

Dental trauma

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49
Q

most common childhood malignancy of the head and neck

A

Lymphoma

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50
Q

“the worst sore throat”

A

Peritonsillar abscess

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51
Q

most common culprits of oropharyngeal trauma

A

toothpick

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52
Q

most frequent cause of wheezing in infants; most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children ≤2 years of age

A

Bronchiolitis

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53
Q

most frequent cause of wheezing in children (>2yo) and adolescents

A

Asthma

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54
Q

most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children ≤2 years of age; leading cause for hospitalization in children <1 year of age; most common cause is respiratory syncytial virus

A

bronchiolitis

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55
Q

most commonly detected cause of pneumonia in children

A

Viruses

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56
Q

most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia

A

S. pneumonia

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57
Q

most common cyanotic congenital heart disease manifesting in the postinfancy period

A

TOF

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58
Q

most common cyanotic heart lesion manifesting in the newborn period

A

Transposition of the great arteries

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59
Q

Single most important therapeutic intervention for duct-dependent lesions

A

infusion of IV prostaglandin E1

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60
Q

most common form of aortic stenosis

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

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61
Q

most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD

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62
Q

most common cause of heart transplantation in children older than 1 year of age

A

Cardiomyopathies

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63
Q

most common type of syncope in children

A

Neurocardiogenic syncope

64
Q

Most common pediatric autonomic disorder

A

Riley-Day Syndrome

65
Q

most common in children with congenital heart disease after heart surgery

A

Atrioventricular block

66
Q

most common form of ventricular preexcitation in children

A

WPW Syndrome

67
Q

most common cause of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in children

A

Dehydration

68
Q

most common form of dehydration

A

Isonatremic dehydration

69
Q

most common cause of hypernatremia in children.

A

diarrhea

70
Q

most common intragenic complication of IV fluid therapy

A

Hyponatremia

71
Q

most commonly occurs secondary to profuse vomiting and/or diarrhea

A

Hypokalemia

72
Q

most common manifestation of hyperkalemia

A

Cardiac conduction delay

73
Q

most common cause of hypocalcemia

A

dietary deficiency and chronic renal failure

74
Q

most common cause of hypercalcemia

A

malignancy involving the lymphoreticular system

75
Q

most common cause of abdominal pain in children of all ages

A

Gastroenteritis

76
Q

most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in children under 2 years of age

A

Intussusception

77
Q

most common surgical emergency in children

A

appendicitis

78
Q

most common cause of severe UGI bleeding in children

A

Variceal bleeding

79
Q

most common serious bacterial infections in young children

A

Pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs)

80
Q

most common cause of UTI in children

A

E. coli

81
Q

most common cause of painless scrotal swelling in children

A

Hydrocele

82
Q

most common cause of priapism in children

A

sickle cell disease

83
Q

best position for examining the vestibule and hymen

A

Frog-legged position

84
Q

best position for examining the perianal area and the vaginal vault

A

Knee-chest position

85
Q

the most common vaginal foreign body in prepubertal females

A

toilet paper

86
Q

most common physical exam finding in nephrotic syndrome

A

Edema

87
Q

most common symptom of glomerulonephritis

A

hematuria

88
Q

most common single cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide

A

Ig A nephropathy

89
Q

most common cause of chronic renal failure in young children

A

Congenital renal disease

90
Q

most common cause of chronic renal failure in older children

A

glomerulonephritis and reflux nephropathy

91
Q

most common type of pediatric seizure

A

Febrile seizures

92
Q

most common condition that may be mistaken for seizures

A

Syncope

93
Q

most often identified inflicted intracranial injury in abused infants

A

Subdural hematoma

94
Q

most important tool to distinguish benign from life-threatening headaches

A

Physical examination

95
Q

most common primary headache disorder; most common non–life-threatening headache

A

Migraine

96
Q

Most common aura symptoms

A

lightheadedness and visual changes (scotoma and scintillations)

97
Q

most common location of brain tumors in children

A

Posterior fossa

98
Q

most common elbow fracture in children

A

Supracondylar fracture

99
Q

“pointing finger sign” indicates injury to

A

anterior interosseous nerve

100
Q

leading cause of anemia in childhood

A

IDA

101
Q

most common cancers in children

A

acute leukemia

102
Q

most common site of extramedullary infiltration in leukemia

A

reticuloendothelial system

103
Q

second most common pediatric cancer

A

CNS tumors

104
Q

most common neoplasm in the first year of life

A

Neuroblastoma

105
Q

most common primary site of neuroblastoma

A

adrenal gland

106
Q

most common pediatric intraocular malignancy

A

Retinoblastoma

107
Q

most common solid tumor in young adult men

A

Testicular germ cell tumors

108
Q

most common primary pediatric bone tumor

A

Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)

109
Q

most frequent causes of cancer-related death

A

Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)

110
Q

most common presentation of osteosarcoma in the adolescents

A

persistent bone pain that worsens at night or with activity

111
Q

most significant prognostic factor of Ewing’s sarcoma

A

Metastatic disease

112
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome is commonly precipitated by

A

induction of chemotherapy

113
Q

most common malignancy in adolescents age 15 to 19 years

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

114
Q

most common presenting symptom of spinal cord compression in children

A

backpain

115
Q

the most common clinical features of metabolic emergencies

A

Vomiting, altered mental status, and poor feeding

116
Q

Most important diagnostic test in the ED for the neonate, infant, or child who is critically ill or shows altered mental status

A

serum glucose level

117
Q

second most important diagnostic test in the ED for pediatric patients

A

Evaluation of serum for beta-hydroxybutyrate (or urine ketones)

118
Q

accounts for most cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Deficiency of 21-hydroxylase

119
Q

most common pediatric endocrine disorder

A

diabetes

120
Q

leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes <24 years of age

A

DKA

121
Q

leading cause of mortality in DKA

A

cerebral edema

122
Q

most common neurosurgical procedure performed in children

A

Cerebrospinal shunt placement

123
Q

Most common and most severe form of neural tube

A

meningomyelocele

124
Q

most common form of child maltreatment and the most difficult to evaluate and manage

A

Child neglect

125
Q

most easily identified type of maltreatment

A

Physical abuse

126
Q

most common manifestation of physical abuse and is often overlooked

A

bruising

127
Q

second most common manifestation of physical abuse

A

fractures

128
Q

Single most important risk factor for abusive fractures

A

young age

129
Q

most highly correlated with physical abuse.

A

Posterior rib fractures

130
Q

most common cause of traumatic death and disability in infancy and early childhood

A

Abusive head trauma

131
Q

second leading cause of death in abused children

A

Abdominal trauma (liver and small bowel injuries are the most commonly seen)

132
Q

Most common cause of blindness in abusive head trauma

A

cortical blindness

133
Q

second most common benign neck mass after lymphadenopathy

A

Thyroglossal duct cysts

134
Q

most common childhood malignancy of the head and neck

A

Lymphoma

135
Q

most common cause of acquired subglottic stenosis

A

Prolonged endotracheal intubation in premature babies

136
Q

most common cause of stridor outside the neonatal period

A

Croup (viral laryngotracheobronchitis)

137
Q

leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age

A

pneumonia

138
Q

most common benign murmur in children

A

Still vibratory murmur

139
Q

most severe manifestations of Kawasaki’s disease

A

Cardiac complications

140
Q

second leading cause of death worldwide in children outside of the neonatal period.

A

Diarrhea

141
Q

most common type of renal stone in children

A

Calcium-containing renal stones

142
Q

most common physical exam finding in nephrotic syndrome

A

edema

143
Q

most common lower extremity injury in children over 5 years of age

A

Distal Fibula Ankle Fractures

144
Q

second bone to ossify in the fetus and the largest of the long bones in the body

A

femur

145
Q

most common cause of hip disability in adolescents.

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis)

146
Q

most common in acute septic arthritis in pediatrics

A

Hematogenous spread

147
Q

most common pathogen in osteoarticular infections

A

Staphylococcus aureus

148
Q

most common example of avascular necrosis or osteochondrosis

A

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

149
Q

most common site of pain from a vaso-occlusive crisis

A

extremities and back

150
Q

next most common site of pain from a vaso-occlusive crisis

A

abdomen

151
Q

leading cause of death in patients with SCA

A

infection

152
Q

most common manifestation of SCA

A

Vaso-occlusive crises

153
Q

most common renal abnormality of SCA

A

Hyposthenuria

154
Q

single most important risk factor for developing thromboembolism in any child

A

central venous line

155
Q

most common cause of metabolic encephalopathy in infants.

A

Hyperammonemia

rentinalli MOST COMMON (13 decks)

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