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rentinalli MOST COMMON > Section 21 > Flashcards

Section 21 Flashcards

1
Q

leading cause of death among children and adults under the age of 46 years; leading cause of non– obstetric- related morbidity and mortality in pregnant women

A

trauma

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2
Q

second only to maternal death as the most common cause of fetal death

A

placental abruption

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3
Q

most sensitive clinical finding for placental abruption after trauma

A

uterine irritability (more than three uterine contractions per hour)

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4
Q

In trauma the most frequently missed conditions

A

orthopedic

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5
Q

most common cause of fatal and nonfatal injury in people ≥ 65 years

A

falls

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6
Q

most common fracture in elders hospitalized for injury

A

hip fracture

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7
Q

most common injuries in hip fracture

A

Pubic ramus fractures

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8
Q

most common mechanism of hip fracture

A

lateral compression

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9
Q

second most common cause of injury in the elderly and are the leading cause of death, with a case fatality rate twice that of those under 65 years

A

MVC

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10
Q

second leading cause of traumatic death in the home in older adults

A

burns

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11
Q

most common in the thoracolumbar spine (most common in T12-L1 and T7-T8) in elderly

A

Anterior wedge compression fractures

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12
Q

most common fractures in women up to age 75

A

Distal radius fractures (Colles’ fractures)

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13
Q

most important determinants of morbidity and mortality in head injury

A

The volume of intracranial blood and hematoma expansion

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14
Q

Ultimate goal in trauma of the elderly

A

return the elderly trauma patient to the preinjury state of function

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15
Q

primary cause of blunt head injury in young adults and children

A

Motor vehicle collisions

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16
Q

most common CT abnormality in patients with moderate to severe TBI

A

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

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17
Q

middle meningeal arterial disruption is the primary mechanism of injury

A

Epidural hematoma

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18
Q

shaken baby syndrome is a well-described cause of

A

Diffuse axonal injury

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19
Q

most common thoracic fracture

A

Simple wedge (compression) fracture

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20
Q

most common cause of Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

Penetrating injury

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21
Q

Most common fractures secondary to trauma to the face

A

nasal bone, followed by orbital floor, zygomaticomaxillary, maxillary sinuses, and mandibular ramus

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22
Q

second most common facial fracture after nasal fractures

A

Mandible fractures

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23
Q

preferred method of airway management in trauma

A

Rapid- sequence intubation

24
Q

proximate cause of death in most penetrating neck injury

A

Exsanguination

25
Q

most common cervical injury and the leading cause of death from penetrating neck trauma

A

Vascular injuries

26
Q

the most rapidly fatal injury in blunt neck injury

A

Airway occlusion

27
Q

neck zone that is the most commonly injured area and is easily accessed surgically

A

zone II

28
Q

most common cause of blunt neck trauma

A

Road traffic accidents

29
Q

In all forms of strangulation, death is ultimately due to

A

cerebral anoxia and ischemia

30
Q

the third leading cause of death in polytrauma

A

thoracic trauma

31
Q

Most frequent symptoms of thoracic trauma

A

chest pain and shortness of breath

32
Q

Most common cause of pulmonary contusions

A

compression-decompression injury to the chest

33
Q

most common cause of hemothorax

A

Bleeding from direct lung injury

34
Q

Most common sites in aspiration in trauma

A

right middle and lower lung fields

35
Q

most common bony injuries in chest trauma

A

Rib fractures

36
Q

high rates of involvement of cardiac structures due to penetrating injuries

A

right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, and left atrium are approximately 40%, 35%, 20%, and 5%, respectively

37
Q

most common mechanism responsible for most blunt cardiac injury followed by a direct blow to the precordium

A

Rapid deceleration

38
Q

Most common symptom of blunt cardiac trauma

A

chest pain

39
Q

Most common reported blunt injury

A

“myocardial or cardiac contusion”

40
Q

most devastating blunt cardiac injury

A

cardiac rupture

41
Q

second most common cause of death in youth athletics following hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

A

Commotio Cordis

42
Q

most often involved in trauma cardiac valves

A

aortic valve

43
Q

most common artery in cardiac trauma

A

left anterior descending artery

44
Q

most commonly injured part of the aorta in blunt trauma

A

Proximal descending aorta

45
Q

most common dysrhythmia in cardiac trauma

A

sinus tachycardia, followed by atrial fibrillation

46
Q

most frequently injured intra- abdominal organ from sports accidents.

A

spleen

47
Q

most common mechanism for blunt abdominal trauma

A

motor vehicle collision

48
Q

second in frequency as causes of blunt trauma

A

falls

49
Q

the primary cause of blunt testicular injuries

A

impingement of the testicles against the symphysis pubis

50
Q

Two most commonly injured blood vessels

A

femoral and popliteal vessels

51
Q

two most common causes of penetrating trauma

A

Gunshot and knife wounds

52
Q

most common brain herniation syndrome

A

Uncal Transtentorial

53
Q

most frequently occurs when the anterior neck strikes the steering wheel or dashboard in an automobile accident

A

Cervical tracheal injuries

54
Q

most common causes for penetrating injuries in the genitourinary trauma

A

Gunshot wounds and stab wounds

55
Q

overall the most commonly injured region of the spinal column

A

Cervical spine

56
Q

second most common region of injury of spinal column

A

Thoracolumbar transition zone (T11 to L2)

rentinalli MOST COMMON (13 decks)

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