Section 4

Question 1

generally the most reliable and accessible pulse site

Answer 1

Carotid artery

Question 2

safest method for opening the airway if there is the possibility of cervical spine injury

Answer 2

Jaw thrust

Question 3

most common cause of death in resuscitated patients

Answer 3

Anoxic brain injury

Question 4

most effective modality for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)

Answer 4

Early defibrillation

Question 5

phase of cardiac arrest, present in the first 5 minutes of arrest, where the cardiac system is most amenable to defibrillation if a shockable rhythm is present

Answer 5

Electrical phase

Question 6

phase of cardiac arrest when high-quality chest compressions and epinephrine provide the greatest benefit

Answer 6

Circulatory phase

Question 7

most reliable means of confirming and continuously monitoring tracheal tube placement, as well as monitoring resuscitation and ROSC

Answer 7

Waveform capnography

Question 8

most common adverse reaction of epinephrine

Answer 8

tachycardia

Question 9

most common unwanted effects of amiodarone

Answer 9

Hypotension and bradycardia

Question 10

greatest risk for non-obstetric cause of death

Answer 10

major trauma

Question 11

most common cause of septic shock in pregnancy

Answer 11

Pyelonephritis

Question 12

most common use of NIPPV

Answer 12

cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 13

best method for confirming successful intratracheal placement

Answer 13

directly visualizing the tube between the vocal cords

Question 14

most commonly used agent for neuromuscular blockade in ED RSI.

Answer 14

Succinylcholine

Question 15

primary indication for surgical airway placement

Answer 15

cannot intubate–cannot oxygenate scenario

Question 16

preferred primary modality in patients with extensive airway injuries

Answer 16

Surgical airway

Question 17

most commonly accessed veins for peripheral catheterization of the upper extremity

Answer 17

dorsal hand and the antecubital fossa

Question 18

most accessible central access site during critical illness

Answer 18

Femoral vein

Question 19

Most common site for arterial line placement

Answer 19

radial artery

Question 20

most important driving force determining regional blood flow, which in the aggregate defines CO.

Answer 20

Perfusion pressure

Question 21

ideal indicator of perfusion and oxygen delivery

Answer 21

Cardiac Output

Question 22

Most common pacemakers

Answer 22

VVI and DDD

Question 23

most common Pacemaker complication in the setting of VVI

Answer 23

Atrioventricular synchrony and the presence of ventriculoatrial conduction

Question 24

most common complication after pacemaker insertion

Answer 24

Pacemaker syndrome

Question 25

Most common cause of death in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

Answer 25

congestive heart failure

Question 26

Most common reason a patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator comes to the ED

Answer 26

evaluation after a delivered shock.

Question 27

Most characteristic sign on echocardiogram in pericardial tamponade

Answer 27

right-sided heart collapse

Question 28

largest group with pericardial effusions leading to hemodynamic compromise

Answer 28

Oncology patients

Question 29

Most common indication for pericardiocentesis

Answer 29

clinical tamponade (83%), with echocardiographic findings of ventricular diastolic collapse (69%) and right atrial collapse (33%).

Question 30

most common approach to pericardiocentesis

Answer 30

left parasternal approach or the apical approach

Question 31

In blunt facial trauma, the principal cause of death is

Answer 31

airway obstruction from bleeding (often from fractures) or soft tissue swelling