Section 8 Flashcards
How many neurons does the autonomic nervous system contain in its pathway
2 ( preganglionic and postganglionic)
Where is the preganglionic neuron cell body located within the spinal cord?
Lateral grey horns of the spinal cord and central nuclei
What is a ganglion?
A cluster of nerve cell bodies lying outside the CNS
Where are postganglionic cell bodies located?
Inside the ganglion.
What order does a neuron travel through the autonomic nervous system?
CNS to Ganglion to effector organ
What nervous system is associated with fight or flight response?
Sympathetic nervous system
What are 3 characteristics of the sympathetic nervous system?
- primary stress response
- favors physical activity and ATP production
- ganglia are closer to the spine
Where does the sympathetic chain ganglia extend from? Where does it receive innervation from?
Base of skull to coccyx
Inebriation from spinal nerves T1-T12 and L1 to L2
Where are sympathetic chain ganglia located on the spine? What structures does it mostly supply through innervation?
Located on each side of the vertebral column, mostly supplies regions above the diaphragm
What are 3 examples of prevertebral ganglia?
Celiac, Superior Mesenteric and Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia
Where do prevertebral ganglia mostly innervate?
Mostly provide sympathetic innervation to structures below the diaphragm
What do you call a neuron that releases ACh?
Cholinergic neuron
Generally explain the nerve pathway for sweat glands in the sympathetic nervous system
Preganglionic neurons release ACh to stimulate the postganglionic neuron
The post ganglionic neuron releases ACh to sweat glands
Generally explain the sympathetic nerve pathway for effector organs that aren’t sweat glands.
A cholinergic neuron releases ACh to the postganglionic neuron for stimulation
The postganglionic neuron releases norepinephrine onto the effector organ
Another pregang cholinergic neuron carries the same impulse to adrenal medulla
Adrenal Medulla then releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood which stimulate receptor sites on the effector organ
What do you call a neuron that releases Norepinephrine?
An Adrenergic neuron
What is the “rest and digest” system called? Why is this the nickname?
Parasympathetic nervous system.
Supports vegetative functions and normal body maintenance
Where are the ganglia located in the parasympathetic nervous system?
On or near the organ that it is affecting
Where does the parasympathetic nervous system receive its nerve supply from?
Cranial nerves 3 (oculomotor), 6 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus), and sacral spinal nerves 2-4
What is the main ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, Submandibular, Otic ganglia
What is the main nerve that supplies the parasympathetic nervous system
Vagus nerve (X)
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors? What do they respond to?
Nicotinic receptors: respond to nicotine and ACh. Found in dendrites, and cell membranes of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and neuromuscular joints
Muscarinic receptors: responds to muscarine (a poisonous chemical found in shrooms) as well as ACh. Found in cell membranes of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
Parasympathetic in Liver (activity)
Promoted glycogen synthesis
Parasympathetic in Iris (activity)
Pupil constriction
Parasympathetic in Lungs (activity)
Airway constriction; normal tone
