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Biology 241 > Section 8 > Flashcards

Section 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many neurons does the autonomic nervous system contain in its pathway

A

2 ( preganglionic and postganglionic)

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2
Q

Where is the preganglionic neuron cell body located within the spinal cord?

A

Lateral grey horns of the spinal cord and central nuclei

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3
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A cluster of nerve cell bodies lying outside the CNS

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4
Q

Where are postganglionic cell bodies located?

A

Inside the ganglion.

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5
Q

What order does a neuron travel through the autonomic nervous system?

A

CNS to Ganglion to effector organ

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6
Q

What nervous system is associated with fight or flight response?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

What are 3 characteristics of the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • primary stress response
  • favors physical activity and ATP production
  • ganglia are closer to the spine
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8
Q

Where does the sympathetic chain ganglia extend from? Where does it receive innervation from?

A

Base of skull to coccyx
Inebriation from spinal nerves T1-T12 and L1 to L2

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9
Q

Where are sympathetic chain ganglia located on the spine? What structures does it mostly supply through innervation?

A

Located on each side of the vertebral column, mostly supplies regions above the diaphragm

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10
Q

What are 3 examples of prevertebral ganglia?

A

Celiac, Superior Mesenteric and Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia

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11
Q

Where do prevertebral ganglia mostly innervate?

A

Mostly provide sympathetic innervation to structures below the diaphragm

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12
Q

What do you call a neuron that releases ACh?

A

Cholinergic neuron

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13
Q

Generally explain the nerve pathway for sweat glands in the sympathetic nervous system

A

Preganglionic neurons release ACh to stimulate the postganglionic neuron

The post ganglionic neuron releases ACh to sweat glands

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14
Q

Generally explain the sympathetic nerve pathway for effector organs that aren’t sweat glands.

A

A cholinergic neuron releases ACh to the postganglionic neuron for stimulation

The postganglionic neuron releases norepinephrine onto the effector organ

Another pregang cholinergic neuron carries the same impulse to adrenal medulla

Adrenal Medulla then releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood which stimulate receptor sites on the effector organ

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15
Q

What do you call a neuron that releases Norepinephrine?

A

An Adrenergic neuron

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16
Q

What is the “rest and digest” system called? Why is this the nickname?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system.
Supports vegetative functions and normal body maintenance

17
Q

Where are the ganglia located in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

On or near the organ that it is affecting

18
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system receive its nerve supply from?

A

Cranial nerves 3 (oculomotor), 6 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus), and sacral spinal nerves 2-4

19
Q

What is the main ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, Submandibular, Otic ganglia

20
Q

What is the main nerve that supplies the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Vagus nerve (X)

21
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors? What do they respond to?

A

Nicotinic receptors: respond to nicotine and ACh. Found in dendrites, and cell membranes of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and neuromuscular joints

Muscarinic receptors: responds to muscarine (a poisonous chemical found in shrooms) as well as ACh. Found in cell membranes of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

22
Q

Parasympathetic in Liver (activity)

A

Promoted glycogen synthesis

23
Q

Parasympathetic in Iris (activity)

A

Pupil constriction

24
Q

Parasympathetic in Lungs (activity)

A

Airway constriction; normal tone

25
Q

Parasympathetic in Stomach and Intestines (activity)

A

Promotes motility and sphincter relaxation

26
Q

Parasympathetic in Heart (activity)

A

Decreased rate

27
Q

Parasympathetic in pancreas (activity)

A

Secretion of degestives

28
Q

Parasympathetic activity in sweat glands is….

A

Nonexistent

29
Q

Sympathetic in liver (activity)

A

Promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

30
Q

Sympathetic in Iris (activity)

A

Pupil dilation

31
Q

Sympathetic in lungs (activity)

A

Airway dilation

32
Q

Sympathetic in stomach and intestines (activity)

A

Decreases motility and constriction of sphincters

33
Q

Sympathetic in heart (activity)

A

Increased rate and force of beating

34
Q

Sympathetic in pancreas (activity)

A

Inhibits the release enzymes for enzymes

35
Q

Sympathetic activity for sweat gland is …

A

Increased

Biology 241 (9 decks)

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