Section 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are joints classified?

A

By their structure and function. i.e. what kind of movement they permit, anatomical characteristics, etc.

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2
Q

True or false: Fibrous joints contain a synovial cavity

A

False: the articulating bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue that allows little to no movement

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3
Q

What are the 3 kinds of fibrous joints

A

Sutures : bones of the skull
Syndesmoses: tibia and fibula connection
Gomphosis: teeth to jaw

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4
Q

True or false: cartilaginous joints don’t have a synovial cavity

A

True: articulating bones are connected with cartilage

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5
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses — contains hyaline cartilage
Symphyses — a broad, flat dish of fibrocartilage connects the bones

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6
Q

True or false: synovial joints are considered to be freely movable

A

True: a space called the synovial cavity lies between the articulating bones

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7
Q

What kind of cartilage encapsulates the ends of articulating bones in synovial joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

What surrounds the synovial joint to form the synovial cavity? What are its two components?

A

Articular Capsule:
- outer layer is the fibrous capsule (often contains ligaments)
- inner layer is the synovial membrane

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9
Q

What structure secrets synovial fluid?

A

Synovial membrane

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10
Q

What is the shape of the meniscus? What does it do?

A

The shape is called an articular disc made of fibrocartilage that lies between articulating bones.
— the function is to cushion a joint such as the knee, so it doesn’t get inflamed

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11
Q

What is a bursae? What do they help reduce?

A

Tiny, fluid filled sacs that are located around certain joints (primarily synovial) that help reduce friction caused by movement.

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12
Q

Describe flexion

A

A decrease in the angle of articulating bones

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13
Q

Does extension increase or decrease the angle between articulating bones?

A

Increase the angle

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14
Q

BONUS What else describes extension other than increasing the angle between articulating bones?

A

Returning a joint back to anatomical position

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15
Q

Is lifting an arm upward adduction or abduction?

A

Abduction — describes the movement of bones away from the midline

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16
Q

Does the lowering of a leg laterally toward the midline describe adduction or extension?

A

Adduction: the movement of the bone toward the midline

17
Q

What is the difference between circumduction and rotation?

A

Circumduction describes the movement of a distal end of a body part moving in a circle around the whole joint ( moving your hand in a big circular motion around the glenohumeral joint)

Rotation is when a bone revolves around its own axis (prone vs supine)

18
Q

What describes the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers of the same hand

A

Opposition

19
Q

What is a ligament?

A

A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that serves to hold bone together in proper alignment at a joint.