Section 4 Flashcards
How are joints classified?
By their structure and function. i.e. what kind of movement they permit, anatomical characteristics, etc.
True or false: Fibrous joints contain a synovial cavity
False: the articulating bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue that allows little to no movement
What are the 3 kinds of fibrous joints
Sutures : bones of the skull
Syndesmoses: tibia and fibula connection
Gomphosis: teeth to jaw
True or false: cartilaginous joints don’t have a synovial cavity
True: articulating bones are connected with cartilage
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses — contains hyaline cartilage
Symphyses — a broad, flat dish of fibrocartilage connects the bones
True or false: synovial joints are considered to be freely movable
True: a space called the synovial cavity lies between the articulating bones
What kind of cartilage encapsulates the ends of articulating bones in synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage
What surrounds the synovial joint to form the synovial cavity? What are its two components?
Articular Capsule:
- outer layer is the fibrous capsule (often contains ligaments)
- inner layer is the synovial membrane
What structure secrets synovial fluid?
Synovial membrane
What is the shape of the meniscus? What does it do?
The shape is called an articular disc made of fibrocartilage that lies between articulating bones.
— the function is to cushion a joint such as the knee, so it doesn’t get inflamed
What is a bursae? What do they help reduce?
Tiny, fluid filled sacs that are located around certain joints (primarily synovial) that help reduce friction caused by movement.
Describe flexion
A decrease in the angle of articulating bones
Does extension increase or decrease the angle between articulating bones?
Increase the angle
BONUS What else describes extension other than increasing the angle between articulating bones?
Returning a joint back to anatomical position
Is lifting an arm upward adduction or abduction?
Abduction — describes the movement of bones away from the midline
Does the lowering of a leg laterally toward the midline describe adduction or extension?
Adduction: the movement of the bone toward the midline
What is the difference between circumduction and rotation?
Circumduction describes the movement of a distal end of a body part moving in a circle around the whole joint ( moving your hand in a big circular motion around the glenohumeral joint)
Rotation is when a bone revolves around its own axis (prone vs supine)
What describes the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers of the same hand
Opposition
What is a ligament?
A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that serves to hold bone together in proper alignment at a joint.
