Section 4

Question 1

How are joints classified?

Answer 1

By their structure and function. i.e. what kind of movement they permit, anatomical characteristics, etc.

Question 2

True or false: Fibrous joints contain a synovial cavity

Answer 2

False: the articulating bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue that allows little to no movement

Question 3

What are the 3 kinds of fibrous joints

Answer 3

Sutures : bones of the skull
Syndesmoses: tibia and fibula connection
Gomphosis: teeth to jaw

Question 4

True or false: cartilaginous joints don’t have a synovial cavity

Answer 4

True: articulating bones are connected with cartilage

Question 5

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 5

Synchondroses — contains hyaline cartilage
Symphyses — a broad, flat dish of fibrocartilage connects the bones

Question 6

True or false: synovial joints are considered to be freely movable

Answer 6

True: a space called the synovial cavity lies between the articulating bones

Question 7

What kind of cartilage encapsulates the ends of articulating bones in synovial joints?

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage

Question 8

What surrounds the synovial joint to form the synovial cavity? What are its two components?

Answer 8

Articular Capsule:
- outer layer is the fibrous capsule (often contains ligaments)
- inner layer is the synovial membrane

Question 9

What structure secrets synovial fluid?

Answer 9

Synovial membrane

Question 10

What is the shape of the meniscus? What does it do?

Answer 10

The shape is called an articular disc made of fibrocartilage that lies between articulating bones.
— the function is to cushion a joint such as the knee, so it doesn’t get inflamed

Question 11

What is a bursae? What do they help reduce?

Answer 11

Tiny, fluid filled sacs that are located around certain joints (primarily synovial) that help reduce friction caused by movement.

Question 12

Describe flexion

Answer 12

A decrease in the angle of articulating bones

Question 13

Does extension increase or decrease the angle between articulating bones?

Answer 13

Increase the angle

Question 14

BONUS What else describes extension other than increasing the angle between articulating bones?

Answer 14

Returning a joint back to anatomical position

Question 15

Is lifting an arm upward adduction or abduction?

Answer 15

Abduction — describes the movement of bones away from the midline

Question 16

Does the lowering of a leg laterally toward the midline describe adduction or extension?

Answer 16

Adduction: the movement of the bone toward the midline

Question 17

What is the difference between circumduction and rotation?

Answer 17

Circumduction describes the movement of a distal end of a body part moving in a circle around the whole joint ( moving your hand in a big circular motion around the glenohumeral joint)

Rotation is when a bone revolves around its own axis (prone vs supine)

Question 18

What describes the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers of the same hand

Answer 18

Opposition

Question 19

What is a ligament?

Answer 19

A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that serves to hold bone together in proper alignment at a joint.