Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the layers of the skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
What is a keratinocyte?
A cell that produced a water insoluble protein called keratin which hardens structures.
What is a Melanocyte?
A cell that produces melanin, a black/brownish pigment which absorbes UV light. (Primary skin pigment)
What are Langerhans cells? What do they help with?
A type of cell that is produced in the bone marrow. This cell helps with providing immunity to the epidermis.
What is a Merkel cell? Where is it located?
It is a disc that acts as a nerve ending for touch, aka a tactile receptor. It is located between epidermis and dermis.
What is the layer of cells directly above the basement membrane?
Stratum Básale
What is the uppermost layer of cells in skin?
Stratum Corneum
List the layers of skin cells from uppermost to deepest. (Come, Let’s, Get, Sun, Burned)
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Básale
What is the Epidermis made out of? Is it vascular or avascular?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells. It is avascular!
What are the two regions within the Dermis?
Papillary region and Reticular region
What region of the Dermis makes up 80% of the total area?
Reticular region. The deepest and largest portion, contains irregular connective tissue.
What are Meissner Corpuscles?
Tactile receptors that help us feel different textures. Located at the apex of Dermal Papillae.
What color is Melanin? What amino acid is it made from?
Black/Brown
Made from the amino acid Tyrosine
What color is Carotene? What is it associated with?
Yellow/ Pink pigment
Associated with Vitamin A.
What color is Hemoglobin? Where can it be found?
Red/pink pigment.
Can be found in RBCs as the oxygen carrying molecule. Associated with skin lacking melanin.
Pili/ Pilus=
Hair
What is hair made of? What does it help with?
Columns of dead keratinized cells that are bonded together.
Protects body from UV lights and heat loss.
What are nails made of?
Plates of tightly packed, keratinized epidermal cells
What is a Sebaceous gland? What does its secretions help with?
A gland that secretes “sebum”, an oily substance that helps with softening and lubricating the skin, water proofs and maintains hair follicles, and contains antibacterial properties.
What do Sudoriferous Glands do?
“True sweat glands” release secretions onto the surface of the skin.
What is an Eccrine gland? What does it help with?
Another type of sweat gland.
Helps to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste.
What do apocrine glands release?
Watery secretions that are more viscous than normal sweat. It contains proteins and lipids as well as pheromones .
Where does a deep wound occur?
Anywhere on the skin that penetrates below the basement membrane and into the dermis or hypodermis region.
What happens to the cells on the stratum básale when a cut occurs?
The cells begin to swell and migrate toward one another to fill in the gap of newly missing cells.
