Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 1

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

Question 2

What is a keratinocyte?

Answer 2

A cell that produced a water insoluble protein called keratin which hardens structures.

Question 3

What is a Melanocyte?

Answer 3

A cell that produces melanin, a black/brownish pigment which absorbes UV light. (Primary skin pigment)

Question 4

What are Langerhans cells? What do they help with?

Answer 4

A type of cell that is produced in the bone marrow. This cell helps with providing immunity to the epidermis.

Question 5

What is a Merkel cell? Where is it located?

Answer 5

It is a disc that acts as a nerve ending for touch, aka a tactile receptor. It is located between epidermis and dermis.

Question 6

What is the layer of cells directly above the basement membrane?

Answer 6

Stratum Básale

Question 7

What is the uppermost layer of cells in skin?

Answer 7

Stratum Corneum

Question 8

List the layers of skin cells from uppermost to deepest. (Come, Let’s, Get, Sun, Burned)

Answer 8

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Básale

Question 9

What is the Epidermis made out of? Is it vascular or avascular?

Answer 9

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells. It is avascular!

Question 10

What are the two regions within the Dermis?

Answer 10

Papillary region and Reticular region

Question 11

What region of the Dermis makes up 80% of the total area?

Answer 11

Reticular region. The deepest and largest portion, contains irregular connective tissue.

Question 12

What are Meissner Corpuscles?

Answer 12

Tactile receptors that help us feel different textures. Located at the apex of Dermal Papillae.

Question 13

What color is Melanin? What amino acid is it made from?

Answer 13

Black/Brown

Made from the amino acid Tyrosine

Question 14

What color is Carotene? What is it associated with?

Answer 14

Yellow/ Pink pigment

Associated with Vitamin A.

Question 15

What color is Hemoglobin? Where can it be found?

Answer 15

Red/pink pigment.

Can be found in RBCs as the oxygen carrying molecule. Associated with skin lacking melanin.

Question 16

Pili/ Pilus=

Answer 16

Hair

Question 17

What is hair made of? What does it help with?

Answer 17

Columns of dead keratinized cells that are bonded together.
Protects body from UV lights and heat loss.

Question 18

What are nails made of?

Answer 18

Plates of tightly packed, keratinized epidermal cells

Question 19

What is a Sebaceous gland? What does its secretions help with?

Answer 19

A gland that secretes “sebum”, an oily substance that helps with softening and lubricating the skin, water proofs and maintains hair follicles, and contains antibacterial properties.

Question 20

What do Sudoriferous Glands do?

Answer 20

“True sweat glands” release secretions onto the surface of the skin.

Question 21

What is an Eccrine gland? What does it help with?

Answer 21

Another type of sweat gland.
Helps to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste.

Question 22

What do apocrine glands release?

Answer 22

Watery secretions that are more viscous than normal sweat. It contains proteins and lipids as well as pheromones .

Question 23

Where does a deep wound occur?

Answer 23

Anywhere on the skin that penetrates below the basement membrane and into the dermis or hypodermis region.

Question 24

What happens to the cells on the stratum básale when a cut occurs?

Answer 24

The cells begin to swell and migrate toward one another to fill in the gap of newly missing cells.

Question 25

What are the stages that happen during deep wound healing. (Roughly)

Answer 25

-A clot forms during inflammatory phase
-Scab then forms during migratory phase (epithelial tissue migration as well as scar tissue formation)
-Epithelial tissue begins to mature and collagen fibers get laid down.
-Scab falls off and circulation is restored.

Question 26

What is scar tissue formation called?

Answer 26

Fibrosis

Question 27

What is uncontrolled scar tissue formation called?

Answer 27

A Keloid

Question 28

What part of the cell is temperature regulation sent to?

Answer 28

Hypothalamus

Question 29

What are the effects of aging?

Answer 29

Subcutaneous fat decrease, collagen and elastin fibers stiffen, decreased activity of the sweat and sebaceous glands.

Question 30

What region does a first degree burn effect?

Answer 30

The epidermis

Question 31

What region does a second degree burn affect?

Answer 31

The epidermis and dermis.

Question 32

What region does a third degree burn affect?

Answer 32

All the way through the dermis into the hypodermis.

Question 33

What is the Integumentary System?

Answer 33

The skin and its accessory structures