Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

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2
Q

What is a keratinocyte?

A

A cell that produced a water insoluble protein called keratin which hardens structures.

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3
Q

What is a Melanocyte?

A

A cell that produces melanin, a black/brownish pigment which absorbes UV light. (Primary skin pigment)

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4
Q

What are Langerhans cells? What do they help with?

A

A type of cell that is produced in the bone marrow. This cell helps with providing immunity to the epidermis.

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5
Q

What is a Merkel cell? Where is it located?

A

It is a disc that acts as a nerve ending for touch, aka a tactile receptor. It is located between epidermis and dermis.

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6
Q

What is the layer of cells directly above the basement membrane?

A

Stratum Básale

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7
Q

What is the uppermost layer of cells in skin?

A

Stratum Corneum

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8
Q

List the layers of skin cells from uppermost to deepest. (Come, Let’s, Get, Sun, Burned)

A

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Básale

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9
Q

What is the Epidermis made out of? Is it vascular or avascular?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells. It is avascular!

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10
Q

What are the two regions within the Dermis?

A

Papillary region and Reticular region

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11
Q

What region of the Dermis makes up 80% of the total area?

A

Reticular region. The deepest and largest portion, contains irregular connective tissue.

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12
Q

What are Meissner Corpuscles?

A

Tactile receptors that help us feel different textures. Located at the apex of Dermal Papillae.

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13
Q

What color is Melanin? What amino acid is it made from?

A

Black/Brown

Made from the amino acid Tyrosine

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14
Q

What color is Carotene? What is it associated with?

A

Yellow/ Pink pigment

Associated with Vitamin A.

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15
Q

What color is Hemoglobin? Where can it be found?

A

Red/pink pigment.

Can be found in RBCs as the oxygen carrying molecule. Associated with skin lacking melanin.

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16
Q

Pili/ Pilus=

A

Hair

17
Q

What is hair made of? What does it help with?

A

Columns of dead keratinized cells that are bonded together.
Protects body from UV lights and heat loss.

18
Q

What are nails made of?

A

Plates of tightly packed, keratinized epidermal cells

19
Q

What is a Sebaceous gland? What does its secretions help with?

A

A gland that secretes “sebum”, an oily substance that helps with softening and lubricating the skin, water proofs and maintains hair follicles, and contains antibacterial properties.

20
Q

What do Sudoriferous Glands do?

A

“True sweat glands” release secretions onto the surface of the skin.

21
Q

What is an Eccrine gland? What does it help with?

A

Another type of sweat gland.
Helps to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste.

22
Q

What do apocrine glands release?

A

Watery secretions that are more viscous than normal sweat. It contains proteins and lipids as well as pheromones .

23
Q

Where does a deep wound occur?

A

Anywhere on the skin that penetrates below the basement membrane and into the dermis or hypodermis region.

24
Q

What happens to the cells on the stratum básale when a cut occurs?

A

The cells begin to swell and migrate toward one another to fill in the gap of newly missing cells.

25
Q

What are the stages that happen during deep wound healing. (Roughly)

A

-A clot forms during inflammatory phase
-Scab then forms during migratory phase (epithelial tissue migration as well as scar tissue formation)
-Epithelial tissue begins to mature and collagen fibers get laid down.
-Scab falls off and circulation is restored.

26
Q

What is scar tissue formation called?

A

Fibrosis

27
Q

What is uncontrolled scar tissue formation called?

A

A Keloid

28
Q

What part of the cell is temperature regulation sent to?

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

What are the effects of aging?

A

Subcutaneous fat decrease, collagen and elastin fibers stiffen, decreased activity of the sweat and sebaceous glands.

30
Q

What region does a first degree burn effect?

A

The epidermis

31
Q

What region does a second degree burn affect?

A

The epidermis and dermis.

32
Q

What region does a third degree burn affect?

A

All the way through the dermis into the hypodermis.

33
Q

What is the Integumentary System?

A

The skin and its accessory structures