Section 3.1.3.1 Development Of Lawn Tennis

Question 1

After pre-industrial Britain what happened to tennis

Answer 1

• real tennis became rationalised

- became the game we know today as lawn tennis

Question 2

4 features of rationalisation of tennis

Answer 2

1-more fixtures/league
2-umpires/officials
3-played more regularly
4-more organised

Question 3

6 key features of lawn tennis:

Answer 3

1. middle class invention
2. organised by middle class
3. specialised equipment
4. standardised set of rules (rule book = same rules)
5. males and females (respectable/civilised)
6. public provision (spread to lower class via public parks)

Question 4

standardised means…

Answer 4

more organised

Question 5

History of lawn tennis (1800s)

Answer 5

1874: Major Walten Clopton Wingfield (middle class) created version of game real tennis = lawn tennis

-this suited middle class in line with their suburban housing with lawned gardens (privacy)
middle class socially excluded from real tennis = own version

Question 6

Sphairistrike (lawn tennis)

Answer 6

• played on hour glass shaped court

- before its name and court shape were replaced

Question 7

Emancipation

Answer 7

fact or process of being set free from legal, social or political restrictions

tennis was viewed as an activity that lead to emancipation of women, able to play from 1884

Question 8

4 reasons Women could play..

Answer 8

1. seclusion of own garden
2. modest attire e.g long dress, high neck etc
3. less vigorous = ladylike = don’t sweat
4. men & women play together, social activity

Question 9

Maud Watson

Answer 9

• First Lady of Wimbledon (19 years old)
• 1884 1st female singles champion
• 13 women played for flower basket
• won against her sister who was 7 yrs older
• middle class = access to facilities
• men’s competition started 7 years earlier
• 22 male entrants

Question 10

How did tennis spread

Answer 10

-tournaments = encourage players to travel & compete

4 main:
Australia France England America

• strictly for amateurs & excluded professionals (before 1968 = only amateurs in grand slams)
• professionals = earnings from tournaments = more competitions

Question 11

Shamateurism

Answer 11

sports player who makes money from sporting activities though classified as amateur

Question 12

Rationalisation and modern day development of lawn tennis

Answer 12

• open era started in 1968 (shamateurism = main cause of this)
• abandonment of distinction between amateurs and professionals
• open era = all tennis players opportunity to make living
• professional tennis circuit/tour created
• revenue created from TV rights went to grass roots 7 developing sport
• matches shown on TV meant popularity of game spread worldwide

Question 13

open era

Answer 13

when professional tennis players were allowed to compete alongside amateurs and earn money

Question 14

Rationalisation and modern day development of lawn tennis
2000s
why is tennis still seen today as a middle class sport

Answer 14

• difficult joining a tennis club (have to pay to be member)
• not many good facilities open to public
• of-putting due to certain dress codes to adhere to

Question 15

Equal pay between genders:

Answer 15

• wimbledon:men and women weren’t paid equally - 2007
• US open: equally in 1973 (first)
• Roland Garros: 2006
• Australian open: women paid more in 1987

Question 16

Billie Jean King:

Answer 16

• american
• won 129 singles
• won £750 in first singles title (1st Wimbledon 1968)
• worth £20 million
• argued for equal prize money from 1968
• frist female to cross six figure mark in earnings

Question 17

WTA

Answer 17

• women’s tennis association
• organisation that solely focuses on women professional sport
• founded by Billie Jean King in 1973
• created tennis circuit for women only as they wanted equal pay for men and women
• after it was created first time equal earnings was at US open in 1973

Question 18

Battle of sexes:

Answer 18

• Billie Jean King vs Bobby Riggs
• played as billie was trying to get equal pay
• match happened in 1973 same year as equal pay
• Billie Jean King won in 3 straight sets
• after = equal pay