Section 3.1.3.1 Development of Association Football

Question 1

6 reasons for growth and development of association football during industrial/post industrial

Answer 1

1. urbanisation
2. free/leisure time/disposable income
3. improved transport
4. increased professionalism
5. social class links
6. increased organisation

Question 2

urbanisation

Answer 2

large purpose built facilities = higher spectator demand

-large number of people in small space = captive audience

Question 3

increased free time

Answer 3

• more time to watch and play

- 3pm on Saturday = traditional time still to this day

Question 4

more disposable income

Answer 4

higher wages for working class meaning could spend money on tickets 
could also pay more on travel to see away matches that were spreading to a national level

Question 5

improved transport

Answer 5

trains opened up country to everybody

teams could play further afield = national competitions

Question 6

increased professionalism

Answer 6

opportunities increased = broken time payments

professional footballers = first recognised by FA in 1885 (seen as good job and could escape factory work)

Question 7

increased organisation (NGBs)

Answer 7

highly structured and standardised
ex public school boys = FA in 1863 (controlled/referees and less violent)
expanded quick = teams factories/ churches
regularity of fixtures and organised leagues

Question 8

social class links

Answer 8

middle class = sport credibility and respectability
(high morals & sporting etiquette)
working class = people’s game

Question 9

4 changes in association football in modern day 20th century

Answer 9

1-increased access to sport - becoming nations favourite sport
2-increased attendance
3-increased gate receipts
4-increased wages

media support (radio) - cinema 
mass entertainment industry - BBC started sports broadcast in 1927 (MoTD 1954)

Question 10

5 reasons why football is becoming more popular for females

Answer 10

1. equal opportunities (free time)
2. increased media coverage - role models
3. more provision via school PE programme
4. increased approval & encouragement from FA
5. funding = more clubs forming

Question 11

equal opportunities

Answer 11

social acceptance (gender barrier broke- war efforts and sex discrimination act breaking the stereotypes

Question 12

increased media coverage

Answer 12

BT provides live coverage of women’s supper league, women now included in EA sports FIFA game

Question 13

more female role models

Answer 13

performers, coaches and officials

e.g. Lucy Bronze, Alex Scott

Question 14

more provision via school PE programme

Answer 14

national curriculum PE lessons & extra curricular

Question 15

increased approval and encouragement

Answer 15

from FA (England team support by FA & FA cup final at Wembley 2015

Question 16

more clubs forming

Answer 16

increased participation due to local professional level clubs opening

Question 17

more free time

Answer 17

traditional domestic responsibility role has decreased

Question 18

increased funding

Answer 18

money given to help grass root (beginner) players and elite footballers

Question 19

1st women world cup

Answer 19

1991

men = 1930

Question 20

why is there less female officials

Answer 20

stigmas from stereotypes from society:

• women not able enough to referee football
• valuable for other things not refereeing
• sexualised

only 850 female officials

Question 21

very few female officials are progressing to football league however:

Answer 21

-Wendy Toms was first ever female assistant referee
to officiate premier league (1991 Bornthmouth reading)
-more funding providing - more courses
-success in women’s game may mean people want to take part in other ways
-measures been put in place = develop more opportunities for female referees such as “women’s referee development pathway”