3.1.3.2 The impact of sport on society and of society on sport

Question 1

sociology

Answer 1

• people live in groups in society
• interact with others
• human behaviour = controlled i.e via family members, school friends etc

Question 2

society

Answer 2

• organised group of people
• associated for some specific purpose
• shared common interest or association

Question 3

examples where success in sport boosted society’s sense of pride and identity

Answer 3

-success in sport, global scale = important measure society’s status

1. 2018 Russian World Cup:
   England came fourth (last time in 1990)
2. GBs 3rd position on medal table London 2012
3. Ashes: England vs Australia (former colony)
4. Cricket England won the World Cup

Question 4

socialisation

Answer 4

• lifelong process
• members of a society learn the norms, ideas, values, practices and roles
• take their place in society

process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society

Question 5

primary socialisation

Answer 5

-early years of childhood- immediate family
-internalisation of a society’s culture
young age (social interactions)
-informal play (share/interact & practise become adult)
-play and physical exercise = important

Question 6

internalisation of a society’s culture

Answer 6

where individuals learn to accept societal norms and values

Question 7

secondary socialisation

Answer 7

• later years - teenagers, adults
• agencies such as school, peers and social media
• morals which may not have been taught at home can be adopted in school

-sportsmanship, leadership, teamwork, FairPlay

Question 8

gender socialisation

Answer 8

-learning the behaviour and attitudes
-historically considered correct for that sex
“boys learn to be boys and girls learn to be girls”

Question 9

social control

Answer 9

• regulation of people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour
• inline with social systems

Question 10

institutions and 4 examples

Answer 10

-society = various institutions = benefit society

4 institutions of social control:

1. parents/family
2. law/police
3. school/teachers/education/coaches
4. yourself

Question 11

social processes SP

Answer 11

institutions undertake social processes

• society changes over time
• ensure socialisation into society
• maintain order and social control
• various SP constrain/limit opportunities in sport

-e.g. historical sport = male dominated and restrict women, less evident constrictions now, Milder forms of social control exists in ‘gender appropriate’

Question 12

forms of social control for women engaging in sport?

Answer 12

1. guilty leaving children
2. free time ‘motherly’ roles
3. role models
4. pay, men =Full time job, women = less (disposable income)
5. social media look = masculine avoid rugby, wrestling, weight lifter, “unfeminine” avoid sport to not look sweaty

Question 13

social change

Answer 13

• alteration in the social order of a society
• institutions re-adjust = ‘new needs’ groups in society (women)

e.g. creche facilities = leisure centres = child care

Question 14

social change campaigns/examples

Answer 14

• creation of women only classes/swim sessions
• march 2017: swimmers wear full body suits for religious beliefs
• pro Hijab
• chance to shine - schools cricket

Question 15

this girl can campaign

Answer 15

• more women involved
• “sweat and jiggle”
• all women participate any age or ethnicity
• all forms of exercise anything from pushing a pram to hula hooping
• break the barriers such as lack of time (money/energy)

Question 16

cricket for change campaign & its 2 aims

Answer 16

disadvantaged young people (8-15yrs) 
 social deprivation, high crime rates and anti social behaviour 
-aims: 
1. increase aspiration, 
2. respect and enhance relationships

Question 17

inequality

Answer 17

unfair situation

resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society

Question 18

social issues

Answer 18

problems that affect many people within a society

Question 19

social inequality

Answer 19

occurs when resources in a society are unevenly distributed among socially defined categories of people

Question 20

5 categories of people who may experience social inequality in sport

Answer 20

1-gender 
2-racial 
3-class 
4-disabilities 
5-age

Question 21

MRMC

causes of inequality

Answer 21

Money 
Role models 
Myths 
Confidence
(media)

Question 22

4 reasons why forms of inequality still exist &

3 ways to change it?

Answer 22

1-stereotypes
2-female clubs
3-role models
4-female sport on TV

1campaigns put in place
2funding (grass root levels)
3develop talent at younger age

Question 23

social stratification

Answer 23

-type of social inequality
-society is divided into different levels
-on basis of a social characteristic (wealth/status)
(people belong to certain groupings/these people rarely move/change from these groupings)

Question 24

social class

Answer 24

• define social inequalities
• i.e certain groups = access to wealth/income/power
• job, family background, education, income

-higher = regular sport 
working class by: fees, role models (can jump classes), campaigns at school to participate

limited lower classes:

• equipment/specialised facilities
• disposable income/ free time/stereotypes

Question 25

social action theory (SAT)

Answer 25

how individuals shape society
suggests:
society to form and maintained
interact with each other (interactionist approach) cause a change (e.g. through cooperation/conflict/negotiate)

Question 26

Social action theory’s relation to sport & why is it helpful to sport?

Answer 26

way of viewing socialisation
proactive role of people in shaping social life

e.g. Super League = fans disapproval

• sport = match perspectives identities players
• sport democratic & less hierarchy driven e.g. development of Unions, voting systems

Question 27

progression of sport and 3 aspects of society that influences it ?

Answer 27

gradually develop -> more advanced state

1. education (more written rules increase literacy rates, ex public school boys spread the sport)
2. social structure (develop of law & order = less violent and more respectable sports)
3. family (attitudes/support/encouragement)