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Bio 1010 exam > Section 3 Diversity: Plants > Flashcards

Section 3 Diversity: Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Which eukaryote super group are land plants a part of?

A

Archaeplastida group

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2
Q

Charophytes definition
it’s relation to plants and green algae
and it’s functions

A

Charophytes are Photosynthetic eukaryotes, many with complex multicellular bodies

Life in water:
Charophytes are a common ancestor that evolved between plants and green algae which are Charophytes

Still exists, present and is a good source of food:
1) Supportive for marine Life
2) Source of nutrients

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3
Q

Plants and green algae are thought to have a common ancestor called

A

Charophytes

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4
Q

What is the specific adaption of Charophytes

A

allowed for colonization of lands (475 million years for complete independence from water)

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5
Q

4 key features that allow plants to live on land (adaptations for land)

A

Cuticle
Vascular tissues
Lignified tissues
Sperm Dispersal

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6
Q

Cuticle

A

A key feature for Plants to adapt on land
A “door way” for water - water transport
- help with prevention water loss in plants (due to water evaporation)

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7
Q

What are Vascular tissues

A

A key feature for Plants to adapt on land
Vascular tissues are a network of thick walled cells joined into narrow tubes that spread out to through entire plant body
- They’re structure and used for nutrient transportation
- Need vascular tissue for the exchange of gases (CO2 and O2)

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8
Q

Lignified Tissues

A

A key feature for Plants to adapt on land
Example) the bark out side, or branches of tree

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9
Q

Sperm Disperal

A

A key feature for Plants to adapt on land
Starts off ass a flagellated sperm then overtime turns into a spore

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10
Q

Stomata are a

A

Structure in vascular tissue
Doorway for gas exchange (surface on leaves, a lot of them)
-> site for CO2 and O2 gas exchange (diffuse across surface)

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11
Q

What plants are in Non vascular plants

A

Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts

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12
Q

Liverworts, Mosses and hornworts are in what type of plant

A

Bryophytes (Non Vascular plants)

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13
Q

What plants are in Vascular plants

A

Seedless Vascular plants and Seed plants

Seedless Vascular plants: Lycophytes, Monilophytes

Seed vascular plants: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

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14
Q

Haplodiplontic

A

A characterstic for general plant cycles alternation of generation
- Haploid, diploid alternation
- the diploid and haploid stages are distinct mutlicellular bodies

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15
Q

Explain the General plant cycles and the Haplodiplontic process

A

Haploid Gametes (Sperm and Egg)
- goes through fertilization to form…
Diploid Zygote (fertilized egg)
- goes through mitosis and development to form
Diploid Sporophyte (fertilized)
- Goes through meiosis to form..
Haploid Spores
- Goes through mitosis to form…
Haploid Gametophyte
- Goes through mitosis to form …
Haploid Gamete (Sperm and egg)

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16
Q

Chromsome set of Gametes and it goes through what process in the Plant life cycle

A

Haploid
Sperm and egg
goes through fertilization to form Zygote

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17
Q

Chromsome set of Zygote and it goes through what process in the Plant life cycle

A

Diploid
Goes through mitosis and development to form Sporophyte (2n)

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18
Q

Chromsome set of Sporophyte and it goes through what process in the Plant life cycle

A

Diploid
Made by zygote from mitosis and development
Goes through meiosis to form Spores (n)

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19
Q

Chromsome set of Spores and it goes through what process in the Plant life cycle

A

Haploid
Made by the sporophyte (2n) from meiosis
Mitosis and development to form gametophyte (n)

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20
Q

Chromsome set of Gametophyte plant and it goes through what process in the Plant life cycle

A

Haploid
Made by spores from mitosis and development
Goes through mitosis to form sperm and egg (both haploid

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21
Q

Chromsome set of Gamete and it goes through what process in the Plant life cycle

A

Haploid
Sperm and Egg
Made by gametophyte plant (n) by mitosis
Goes through fertilization to form Zygote (2n)

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22
Q

Chromsome set of Zygote and it goes through what process in the Plant life cycle

A

Diploid
Made by fertilization from gametes (egg and sperm)
Goes through mitosis and development to form sporophyte (2n)

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23
Q

What does the Sporophyte body contain?

A

contains Three organ systems (2 above ground, 1 below ground)

  • Above ground: Stem (shoots) and leaves (spore producing structure)
  • Below ground: roots

Sporophyte body contains vascular tissues (Diploid body)
waxy cuticle (hydrophobic characteristic - wat makes water droplets on leaves)
Genderless (No gender)

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24
Q

What is the characteristic of the waxy cuticle of the sporophyte body

A

Hydrophobic characteristic ex) water droplets on leaves of the plant

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25
What are the 3 organ systems of the sporophyte body?
2 above ground and 1 below ground Above ground: stem (shoots) and leaves (spore producing structure) below ground: roots
26
Gamteophytes chromosome number, characteristics and gender names
Multicellular (diploid) Haploid (if they have): spores and Gametes - recall plant life cycle Gametangia Female: Archegonia Male: Antheridia
27
Male gametangia name
Antheridia
28
Female gametangia name
Archegonia
29
Antheridia is a
Male gametangia
30
Archegonia is a
female gametangia
31
Basic Gametophyte body
gametophyte body = haploid Thallus No vascular tissue Leaves Stem Root (Rhizoids = underground part of plant, no function of root structure yet) Have gender
32
Rhizoids
are roots which are an underground part of a plant, no function of the root structure yet
33
Non vascular plants are called..? What are the types of non vascular plants
Non vascular plants are called, Bryophytes Includes, Mosses and worts (liverworts and hornworts)
34
Mosses and worts (liverworts and hornworts) are examples of
Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
35
Non vascular plants characteristics
Gameteophyte dominants - photosynthetic - depend on sporophyte Most habitats (sperm)
36
Bryophytes life cycle
Aka no vascular plants Male gametangium sperm (haploid) goes into female gametangium egg (haploid) fertilization (meiosis) happens then forms Zygote (2n) Develops forming gametophyte body and sporophyte body Then goes into meiosis to form… Spores (n) Goes under mitosis and development into gametophyte plants (male and female) then Gametophyte plants (n) go under mitosis to form Male gametangium (haploid) and female gametangium (haploid)
37
Which stages are meiosis in the Bryophytes cycle
Fertilization occurs b/w Male and female gametangium to form: Zygote (2n): Which Develops forming gametophyte body and sporophyte body
38
Which stages are mitosis in the Bryophytes cycle
1) Spores (n) Goes under mitosis and development into gametophyte plants (n) then… 2) Gametophyte plants (n) go under mitosis to form Male gametangium (haploid) and female gametangium (haploid) which then the sperm and egg go under fertilization
39
Seedless vascular plants include what groups of vascular plants?
Lycophytes (haploid) and Monilophytes
40
Club mosses and fern are examples of
lycophytes (haploid) - Vascular plants
41
Examples of lycophytes
examples of lycophytes are Club mosses (small and grow close to ground, small predecessors of leaves microphyls) and ferns
42
Seed less vascular plants characteristics
They are sporophyte dominant - lignified (branches) vascular tissue - independent gametophyte Apical meristem - primary growth Moist habitats - sperm
43
Apical meristem is
primary growth-producing regions of cell division of seedless vascular plants (lycophtes and monilophytes)
44
Club mosses and fern are examples of
lycophytes
45
Mosses and worts (liverworts and hornworts) are examples of
Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
46
Explain Monilophytes life cycle stages
Zygote goes under mitosis and development into a Mature sporophyte (clusters or sporangia) and mature sporophyte release spores spores go under mitosis and development into gametophyte plant and gametophtye plant goes under mitosis where the sperm of the male gametangium go into the female gametangium fertilization occurs and turns into zygote
47
The haploid generation of a plant that produces gametes is called
gametophyte
48
The diploid generation of a plant that produces spores is called
Sporophyte
49
What is the major difference between the moss and fern life cycle (Bryophytes and Moniophytes cycle)
In mosses the dominant body is the gametophyte dependant on sporophyte - they are photosynthetic in ferns the sporophyte is dominant and independant of the gamteophyte (don't grow as tall or sturdy as vascular tissue because they dont have vascular tissue that supports - they have lignified vascular tissue
50
Plants are
Plants are a part of the Eukaryote super group, archaeplastida
51
What are spores
single cell (1n)
52
Seeds are..
Embryonic sporophyte nutrient source protective seed coat Can stay dormant till the time is right avoid harsh conditions
53
Differentiate between gymnosperms and angiosperms
gymnosperms are naked seed conifers Angiosperms are enclosed seeds and they are flowering plants Both are vascular plants and are seed producing which allow for more tolerance to the enviornment (can live in drier habitat) - disperse pollens, and both are sporophyte dominant (dependant on gametophyte)
54
What are gymnosperms
earliest seed plants naked seeds (gymno = naked in latin) - not specialized in chambers - cone bearing conifers (earliest clades of gymnosperms) ex. of gymnosperms that are less common:cycads and ginko Sporophyte dominant - dependant on gametophyte - produce pollen Consitutes of the biggest and oldest plants
55
What are angiosperms
Derived seed plants - seed within fruits - with protective chambers - Grasses, hebaceous plants, flowering shrubs trees Sporophyte dominant - dependant on gametophyte - pollen
56
Due to evolutionary advantage what happens to angiosperms in regards to flowers and fruits?
Angiosperms are thriving due to evolutionary change (natural selection is the key to adapt better) flowers - pollination via animals or wind Fruits - seed dissemination
57
which part of the life cycle does a pollen grain represent?
male gametophyte
58
Which plant life cycle does germination occurs?
Angiosperms plant life cycle
59
Which plant life cycle does pollenation occurs?
Gymnosperms and angiosperms plant life cycle
60
What represents the sporophyte generation of a conifer?
treeproduces the female sporophyte
61
What produces the gametophytes?
cones produces the male gametophytes
62
What is pollination
pollen grains go under mitosis
63
What strucutre in the plant life cycle contains egg-produucing gametophytes
The ovule
64
How do pollen and seeds increase the reproductive success of seed plants
pollen transfers sperm to eggs without the need for water The seed protects, nourishes, and helps disperse plant embryos
65
in the plant life cycle, the ovulate cone and pollen cone create what
the Sporangium (2n)
66
In the plant cycle, What does the anther contain and release?
the anther contains pollen grains that are male gametangium
67
In the plant cycle what does the ovary contain?
The ovule that contains the female sporangium in the angiosperm life scycle
68
In the plant cycle what does the ovule represent
the egg within a female gamteophyte in the angiosperm life cycle
69
What are the female and male gametophytes in the angiosperm life cycle
Pollen grains from the anthers are male gametophytes

Bio 1010 exam (9 decks)

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