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Bio 1010 exam > Section 3 Diversity: Fungi > Flashcards

Section 3 Diversity: Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What eukaryote supergroup does fungi belong to?

A

Unikonta group

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2
Q

What are the 5 groups of fungi

A

Chytrids
Zygomycetes
Glomeromycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes

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3
Q

Fungi characteristics

he

A

heterotrophic eukaryotes
usually have a thread like filaments - hyphae
hyphae branch repreatedly form mycelium
have cell wall made of chitin

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4
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made up of?

A

Chitin specifically for fungi
- manufacture a drug for chitin and this drug can kill of fungal cells

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5
Q

What is the endosymbiosis of fungi and plants

A

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza/mycorrhizae deliver phosphate and other minerals to plants while they receive organic nutrients
- plants give them sugar or energy from photosynthesis
some are predator

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6
Q

What is the fungi life cycle

A

it is haplontic = majority of lifecycle is haploid
diploid zygote
haploid spores
haploid mycelium
fusion of cytoplasm - heterotrophic stage
fusion of nuclei
Asexual

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7
Q

What is hyphae of fungi

A

The feeding strucutres of a fungus, a threadlike filament

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8
Q

What are the spore producing structures of fungi

A

the tips of hyphae

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9
Q

what is the mycelium of fungi

A

the mycelium are the repeayed branches/roots forming a mass which has a high surface area

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10
Q

What is the heterokaryotiv stage of fungus

A

The stage in which each cell has two different nuclei (from two different parents) with the nuclei not yet fused

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11
Q

What eukaryotic supergroup is fungi a part of?

A

Unikonta

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12
Q

What do the cell walls of fungi contain?

A

Chitin specifically for fungi
- manufacture a drug for chitin and this drug can kill of funal cells

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13
Q

Chytrids

A
  • unicellular -> multicellular
  • Ancestral fungi similar to nucleariids (a group of amoebae)
  • only fungi with flagellated spores only in aquatic enviornment (gametes and zoospores) - rest of group have spores but no flagella to float and spread around
  • some species are decomposers, some are parasite to protist, plants or animals => most problematic for amphibian due to funal infection
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14
Q

Zygomycetes

A

also known as zygote fungi
Moulds is also a common name

can reproduce asexually and sexually
Asexually: spores are released from sporangia through mitosis
Sexually: Zygosporangium/zygospores are a protective place where they produce haploid spores by fusion and meiosis

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15
Q

What are the two distinctive names of reproduction for zygomycetes

A

Sporangia is for asexually reproduce spores
zygospore is for sexually produced spores

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16
Q

How is the sporangia reproduced?

A

Asexual reproduction: Spores released from sporangia through mitosis

17
Q

How is the zygospores reproduced?

A

Sexual reproduction
Zygosporangium/zygospore is a protective place where zygotes produce haploid spores by meiosis
Fusion and meiosis form zygospores

18
Q

Zygosporangium/zygospore

A

is a protective place where zygotes produce haploid spores by meiosis

19
Q

Glomeromycetes

A

aka arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal
Very small group but a significant group because more than 80% plants have it
- They form a symbiotic relationship: deliver phosphate and other minerals to plants in exchange for organic materials, plants provide sugar or energy(ATP) from photosynthesis

The hyphae invade plant root cells and bran into tiny treelike strucutres called arbuscles
- create more surface area for absorption and diffusion

20
Q

Ascomycetes

A

also known as sac fungi
Ascocarp: sac like strucutres contain fruiting bodies (cup-like features and the fungi is in the bowl cup)
Ascospores: produce spores in sexual reproduction

21
Q

Which part of the fungi of ascomycetes that can reproduce ascomycetes

A

Ascospores because they produce spores in sexual reproduction of ascomycetes

22
Q

Sac life strucutres that contain fruiting bodies

A

Ascocarp (ascomycetes)

23
Q

Ascocarp

A

Sac life strucutres that contain fruiting bodies (cup-like features and the fungi is in the bowl cup) thats a part of ascomymcetes

24
Q

Ascospores

A

produce spores in sexual reproduction for ascomycetes

25
Q

Basidomycetes

A

also known as club fungi

Basidiocarp = fruiting bodies of basidomycetes
Basidiospores = spore producing basidia for sexual reproduction

They excel at breaking down lignin in wood and are key decomposers (found on the forest floor, and they breakdown material into organic material so trees and plants can absorb)

ENERGY cannot be broken down or destroyed same thing for nutritents or matter on earth so it circulates!

26
Q

Basidiocarp

A

fruiting bodies of basidomycetes

27
Q

Basidiospores

A

spore producing basidia for sexual reproduction

28
Q

fruiting bodies of basidomycetes

A

Basidiocarp

29
Q

spore producing basidia for sexual reproduction

A

Basidiospores

30
Q

What is the organism that gives rise to the symbiosis relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms

A

Lichens

31
Q

Lichens are

A

the organism that gives rise to the symbiosis relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms

Mycrobiont and photobiont
Mycrobiont: Refer to the fungal component of the lichens
Photobiont: refers to the algal component (photosynthetic organism)
They grow together if they have a good relationship and can bring more benefit to one another

32
Q

Microbiont

A

prefers to the funal component of the lichens

33
Q

Photobiont

A

refers to the algal component of lichens (photosynthetic organism)

34
Q

What fungi is the only fungi with flagellated spores, they are found in aquatic enviornements and some are decomposers, some are parastic to protists, plants or animals and they are most problematic for amphibian due to funal infections

A

Chytrids

35
Q

Which fungi referred to as “moulds”, and they can have both sexual and asexual reproduction

A

zygomycetes or zygote fungi

36
Q

Which fungi is a significant group to plants (more than 80% of plants has this fungi)

A

Glomeromycetes - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal

37
Q

Which fungi has sac-like strucures and they produce spores in sexual reproduction?

A

Ascomycetes

38
Q

What fungi excels at breaking down lignin in wood and are key decomposers

A

Basidiomycetes (club fungi)

39
Q

Arbuscules

A

A part of the fungi, glomeromycetes (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal)

the hyphae invade plant root cells and branch into tiny treelike structures
(Bind to plant root creating a lot more surface area for absorption and diffusion)

Bio 1010 exam (9 decks)

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