Section 1 Intro To Biology: Intro To Science, Biology And Themes In Biology

Question 1

What is biology

Answer 1

Biology is a science, knowledge, inquiry and reasoning

Question 2

What are the two types of reasoning

Answer 2

Inductive and deductive reasoning

Question 3

Inductive reasoning

Answer 3

Logic based on several observations
High chance that the reasoning might be the right one (have to prove that the reasoning is right or wrong)

Question 4

Deductive reasoning

Answer 4

Logic based on making hypothesis and test for prediction

Question 5

What is science

Answer 5

It is a process to learn, an approach to understand the world - sees evidence based process

Question 6

Steps of scientific appraoch

Answer 6

Observation
question
hypothesize
predict
test

Question 7

Scientific approach involves

Answer 7

Observations, hypothesis, predictions, test of hypothesis via experiments or additional observations and

analysis of data - lots of data needs to be collected; this use data helps us make our hypothesis - to make sure the data is analyzed correctly so that our results are reliable

Question 8

How can a hypothesis be tested?

Answer 8

Using controlled experiments

Question 9

What are in controlled experiments

Answer 9

Variables = factors that vary in an experiment
(Dependant and independant)

Question 10

Dependant variables

Answer 10

Involved in controlled experiments
This factor is manipulated by researcher

Question 11

Independant variable

Answer 11

A part of controlled experiments
Measurement of the outcome of the experiment

Question 12

What are the steps of the scientific method

Answer 12

Observation
Question “ask!”
Hypothesize (cannot be proven true but can be proven false)
Predict (what you can do to test the hypothesis
Test (prediction and experiment)

Question 13

Observational data example

Answer 13

The red panda origin

Red pandas are grouped with giant pandas due to their genetic information (through testing DNA)

Red pandas may have been grouped with raccoons for a short period of time (DNA evidence not related) based off of observational data b/c red pandas looks similar to the raccoons

Question 14

Hypothesis can be tested using…?

Answer 14

Observational data and also controlled experiments

Question 15

What is scientific theory

Answer 15

An in-depth explanation of how a phenomenon works based on testing different hypothesis and based on that different hypothesis can be developed and tested
- (multiple hypothesis about one thing, different scientists testing one thing, can be used for next hypothesis or next testing)

Question 16

Biological theories

Answer 16

Has to be conditional and evolve as life evolves as new evidence comes up to support another hypothesis, then the theory will chance (because life evolves)

Question 17

Law

Answer 17

Description of a phenomenon, often without any explanation (as to why something happens)

Question 18

Life

Answer 18

The imperfect replicating system that evolves by natural selection

Question 19

Key aspects of life?

Answer 19

Order
Reproduction
Growth and development
Response to the enviornment
Regulation
Evolutionary adaptation

Question 20

Order

Answer 20

A key aspect of life
Have a certain development; structural
Number it followed
- in humans there’s a specific order for skeletal structure
- in animals it depends on types

Question 21

Reproduction

Answer 21

A key aspect of life
Has to be reproductive to be considered alive
Offspring has to develop into a functional adult

Question 22

Growth and development

Answer 22

Need energy to grow
Chemical energy
Need an energy processing system to live

Question 23

Response to the enviornment

Answer 23

Need to respond to dander = higher chance of surviving
Respond to enviornment

Question 24

Regulation

Answer 24

Body has a regulation system
Ex) sweat when it gets hot (regulate body temp)

Question 25

Energy processing

Answer 25

A key aspect of life

Question 26

Evolutionary adaptation

Answer 26

Needs to adapt to survive Organism cannot adapt to changes in enviornment; death

Question 27

Organism hierarchy of life

Answer 27

Molecule Organelle Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

Question 28

Molecule

Answer 28

Chemical Atoms that make up a molecule make up an organelle

Question 29

Organelle

Answer 29

Molecules make up an organelle Organelles make up cells

Question 30

Cell

Answer 30

Organelles make up Cells Cells make up tissues

Question 31

Tissue

Answer 31

Multiple simillar cells make up tissues (2 or more ) Tissues make up organs

Question 32

Organ and organ systems

Answer 32

2 or more tissues make up organs and organs make up organ systems

Question 33

Organism

Answer 33

Organs and organ systems make up organisms Same Organisms living in a certain community make up a population

Question 34

Population

Answer 34

Group of same organisms living in a certain community make up a population And Different populations of different species is a community

Question 35

Community

Answer 35

Different population of different species make up a community Different communities that liver together in a confined system make up an ecosystem

Question 36

Ecosystem

Answer 36

An ecosystem is of different communities that live in a confined system And different ecosystems on earth, different temperatures in those ecosystems and different systems make up a biosphere

Question 37

Biosphere

Answer 37

All of life Composed of every living thing

Question 38

Order the hierarchy of life from simplest to complex

Answer 38

Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ and organ system Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

Question 39

Order the hierarchy of life from complex to simplest

Answer 39

Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ system and Organ Tissue Cells Organelles Molecule

Question 40

The cell theory

Answer 40

Described in 1664 through centuries of observations All organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells = basic unit of life All cells come from pre existing cells

Question 41

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 41

Cells without nucleus (bacteria)

Question 42

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 42

Nucleus enclosed genetic materials (fungi, animals, protists and plants)

Question 43

The central themes of biology

Answer 43

Energy flow Nutrient cycles Universal genetic code The genetic material The theory of evolution Natural selection Tree of life

Question 44

Nutrient cycles

Answer 44

A central theme of biology Producers —food source for—> consumers —foodsource for--> Decomposers --enrich food source for--> Rocks and soil —food source for-> producers

Question 45

Universal genetic code

Answer 45

A central theme of biology involves all living organisms

Question 46

Genetic material

Answer 46

Involves DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) 4 nucleotides (A T C G) 64 three letter words Gene that code for a specific trait (allele) Proteins (20 different amino acids make up proteins)

Question 47

Nucleotides

Answer 47

4 nucleotides in our genetic material (DNA) A T C G - A double bonds with T (double helix) - C triple bonds with G

Question 48

The theory of evolution

Answer 48

Central theme of biology Universal common ancestor (time goes by, evolution happens; animals adapt to different environments - process of chance that transformed life on earth from earliest form

Question 49

Natural selection

Answer 49

Traits must be inheritable (passing down offspring) and profitable (better chance of survival - live longer) Selective pressure from enviornment (natural pressures on organisms) Changes in the population (if an organism lives longer= higher chances of passing genetic material down = higher chance of survival)

Question 50

The tree of life is

Answer 50

Used for Common ancestor (some origin) nodes in the tree = common ancestor Has 3 main groups (domains) Archaea, Eukarya and Bacteria

Question 51

What are the 3 domains of life

Answer 51

Bacteria, archaea and eukarya Kingdoms of eukarya (Protists, plantar, animalia and fungi)