Section 1 key terms Flashcards
mons pubis, labia majora, minora, clitoris, urethral opening and vestibule of the vagina
External genitalia
pelvis above the rim, communicates with the abdominal cavity
False pelvis
lesser pelvis, area below the pelvic brim, considered the pelvic cavity
True pelvis
the true pelvis is considered the
Pelvic cavity
helps form the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity
Coccygeus muscles
join with the psoas major muscles to form the iliopsoas muscles
Iliacus muscle
line separating the true and false pelvis, passes the superior border of the sacrum to the superior margin of the pubic symphysis
Ilipectineal line
forms the pelvic floor along with the coccygeus muscle, stretches across the pelvic cavity like a hammock
Levator ani
triangular sheet of muscle that arises from the anterolateral pelvic wall and surrounds the obturator foramen, serves to rotate and abduct he thigh
Obtuator internus muscle
flat pyramid muscle arising from the anterior sacrum, passing through the greater sciatic notch to insert into the superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur, serves to rotate and abduct the thigh
Piriformis muscle
paired muscle that originates at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and extends inferiorly through the false pelvis on the pelvic sidewall where it unites with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle before inserting into the lesser trochanter of the femur, serves to flex the thigh toward the pelvis
Psoas major muscle
parallel longitudinal lines commonly seen in the muscle tissue when imaged sonographically, appear as hyperechoic parallel lines running in long axis of the muscle tissue
Striations
postion of the uterus when the uterus is tipped slightly forward so that the cervix forms a 90 angle of less with the vaginal canal
Anteverted
position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends forward toward the cervix
Anteflexed
double fold of peritoneum that drapes over the fallopian tubes, uterus and ovaries
Broad ligament
continuation of the broad ligament that extends across the pelvic floor laterally, helps fix the cervix in position
Cardinal ligament
steroidal hormone secreted by the ovarian follicle that stimulates the development of the female reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics. Promotes the growth of endometrial tissue during proliferative phase
Estrogen
portion of the broad ligament that encloses the fallopian tubes
Mesosalpinx
paired ligament that extends from the inferior/medial pole of the ovary to the unterine cornua
Ovarian ligament
female egg
Ovum
serous membrane that envelopes the uterus
Perimetrium
hormone secreted by the corpus luteum that helps prepare and maintain the endometrium for the arrival and implantation of an embryo
Progesterone
pouch of douglas, area between the rectum and the uterus where free fluid can collect
Rectouterine pouch
postion of uterus when uterine fundus bends posteriorly upon the cervix
Retroflexed
postion of the uterus when the fundus is tipped posteriorly
Retroverted
pairs ligaments tht originate at the uterine cornua, anterior to the fallopian tubes and course anteriolaterally withing the broad ligament to insert into the fascia of the labia majora
Round ligament
loacted between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis, contains extra peritoneal fat
Space of retzius
paired ligament that extends from the infundibulum of the fallopian tube and lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall
Suspensory ligament
posterior portion of the cardinal ligament that extends from the cervix to the sacrum
Uterosacral ligament
pouch formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the bladder to the uterus
Vesicouterine pouch
yellow body formed from the graafian follicle after ovulation that produces estrogen and progesteron
Corpus luteum
having no menstrual cycle
Amenorhhea
painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the frowth and maturation of graafian follicles in the ovary
FSH-follicle stimulating hormone
hormonal substance that stimulates the function of the testes and ovaries
Gonadotropin
Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulatoin and then induces luteinization of the ruptured follicle to form the corpus luteum
Luteinizing hormone
refers to the onset of menstruation and the commencement of the cyclic mentrual function, usually occurs between 11 and 13 years of age
Menarche
period when menstruation stops
Menopause
periodic flow of blood and cellular dibris that occurs during menstruation
Menses
abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods
Menorrhagia
abnormally light menstrual periods
Oligomenorrhea
period before menstruation begins
Premenarche
structure or tissue next to or near another structure
Adenexa
horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis of the body to image structures from anterior to posterior
Coronal plane
inner layer of the usterus
Endometrium
an opening or entrance into a canal or cavity
Introitis
middle layer of the uterus
Myometrium
number of live births
Parity
across or through the labia
Translabial
across or through the perineum
Transperineal
projection like a horn,
Cornu
small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus
Arcuate vessels
inner surface of the cervical os
Internal os
doppler measurement that takes the peak systole minus the peak diastole divided by the peak systole
Pourcelot resistive index
days 5-9 of the menstrual cycle, endometrium appears as a single thin stripe with hypoechoic halo encompassing it creates the 3 line sign
Proliferative phase early
days 10-14 of menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs, endometrium increases in thickness and echogenicity
Proliferative phase late
dopple measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean
Pulsatility index
days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior inhancement
Secretory phase
technique that uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity with the instillation of saline solution of contrast medium to fill the endometrial cacity for purpose of demonstrating abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tubes
Sonohysterography
doppler determination of peak systole velocity divided by peak dystole velocity
S/D ratio
hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix, may be broad based of pedunculated
Cervical polyp
obstruction of the cervix
Cervical stenosis
painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
portoin of the canal of the uterine cervix that is lined with squamous epithelium
Ectocervix
pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity
Ectopic pregnancy
cysts found in the vagina
Gartners duct cyst
benign cysts within the cervix
Nabothian cysts
most common type of cervical cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
benign invasive growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy painful menstrual bleeding
Adenomyosis
scraping with a curet to remove the contents of the uterus
Curettage
irregular acyclic bleeding, abnormal discharge
Metrorrhea
fibroid contained in the myometrium
Intramural fibroid
fibroid displacing or sitorting the endometrial caivty
Submucosal fibroid
fibroid projecting from the surface of the uterus
Subserosal fibroid
malignancy characterized by abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, usually presents with irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Endometrial carcinoma
benign condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin
Endometrial hyperplasia
pedunculated or sessile well defined mass attached to the endometrial cavity
Endometrial polyp
condition that occurs when functioning endometrial tissue invades sites outside the uterus
Endometriosis
obstruction of the uterus or vagina characterized by blood
Hematometra
obstruction of the uterus or vagina characterized by fluid
Hydormetra
obstruction of the uterus or vagina characterized by pus
Pyometra
antiextrogen drug used in treating some carcinomas of the breast
Tamoxifen
substance that stimulates the development of male characteristics such as hormones testosterone and androsterone
Androgen
malignant tumor that forms cysts
Cystadenocarcinoma
benign adenoma containing cysts
Cystadenoma
small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen to prevent menses should fertilization occur
Corpus luteum cyst
benign tumor composed of hair, muscle, teeth and fat
Dermoid tumor
benign cyst within the ovary that may occur and disappear on a cyclic basis
Follicular cyst
cyst resulting from the normal function of the ovary
Functional cyst
benign tumor of the ovary associated with ascites and pleural effusion
Meigs syndrome
benign tumor of the ovary that contains thin-walled multilocular cysts
Mucinous cystadenoma
malignant tumor of the ovary with multilocular cysts
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovary that may spread beyond the ovary and metastasize to another organ vis peritoneal channels
Ovarian carcinoma
partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis
Ovarian torsion
cystic structure that lies adjacent to the ovary
Paraovarian cyst
endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulatoin
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
second most common benign tumor of the ovary, unilocular or multilocular
Serous cystadenoma
most common type of ovarian carcinoma may be bilateral with multilocular cysts
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
multilocular cysts that occur in patients with hyperstimulation
Theca-lutein cyst
organism that causes a great variety of diseases, including genital infections in men and women
Chlamydia trachomatis
localized tumor of endometriosis most frequently found in the ovary, cul-de-sac, rectovaginal septum and peritoneal surface of the posterior wall of the uterus
Endometrioma
infection within the endometrium of the uterus
Endometritis
fluid within the fallopian tube
Hydrosalpinx
pus within the fallopian tube
Pyosalpinx
infection within the myometrium of the uterus
Myometritis
infection within the ovary
Oophoritis
infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments
Parametritis
infection within the fallopian tubes
Salpingitis
infection that involves the fallopian tube and ovary
Tubal ovarian abcess
technique that follows IVF in which the fertilized ova are injected into the uterus through the cervix
Embryo transfer
zygote intrafallopian transfer, zygotes are placed in the fallopian tubes
ZIFT
Gamete intrafallopian transfer, sperm and eggs are just mixed together before being inserted and, with luck, one of the eggs will become fertilized inside the fallopian tubes
GIFT
invitro fertilization -method of fertilizing the human ova outside the body
IVF
syndrome that present sonographically as enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal acites and pleural effusions, often seen in patients who have undergone ovulation induction following the administration of FSH of GnRH analogue followed by hCG
OHSS-Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
introduction of sperm into the uterus by mechanical or instrumental means rather than by sexual intercourse
Intrauterine insemination
controlled ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate or parenterally administrated gonadotropins
Ovulation induction therapy
paraguard, mirena, copper 7, tatum T, progestart, lippes loop
IUD-types
across or though the vagina
Transvaginal
remove sterile probe cover, wipe transducer clean, wiped clean with a disinfectant and dried with a clean towel, soaked in a disinfectant for 20 min (always were gloves and eye protection)
Probe disinfecting
2 cm cuff that is left after a hysterectony
Vaginal cuff
all inclusive term for all pelvic infections
Pelvic inflammatory disease PID
germ cell tumors derived from primitive germ cells of embryonic gonad, elevated AFP-hCG, 85% solid
Germ cell ovarian cancer
Fibroid that appears as extrauterine masses, attached via a stem like structure
Pedunculated fibroids
uterus turned to the right
Dextroverted/detroflexed
overgrowths of endometrial tissue covered by epithelium
Endometrial polyps
thickening of the myometrium, develops from unopposed estrogen stimulation
Uterine hyperplasia
scraping with a curette to remove the contents of the uterus
D & C
two uterus organs
Didelphys uterus
two horned uterus
Bicornate uterus
having 2 endometrial cavities
Septate uterus
congentital uterine anomaly caused by exposure to DES in utero, no known treatment
T-shaped uterus
1 in 3
% of American couples who are infertile
fimbrae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and interstitial portion
Segments of fallopian tubes
uterus and upper third of the vagina are derived from these embryonic ducts
Mullarien ducts
sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the proliferative phase
Three line sign
outermost layer of the endometrium that is shed during menstruation
Functional layer
inner layer of the endometrium that helps to regenerate the functional layer
Basal layer
the life cycle that will rupture during ovulation and release the ovum and then the phases to follow to support a fertilized egg and start producing a new follicle
Ovarian cycle
is characterised by an expanded fluid filled vaginal cavity with associated distention of the uterine cavity. It may present in infancy with a lower abdominal mass, or be delayed till menarche
Hydrometrocolpos