42 workbook ex 3

Question 1

in ther anteflexed uterus the ovaries are usually identified _______of ____________

Answer 1

laterally

posterolaterally

Question 2

folloowing hysterectomy the ovaries tend to be located more _______and directly superior to the vaginal cuff

Answer 2

medially

Question 3

the normal ovary has a __________echotexture which may exhibit a central more echogenic medulla with small anechoic or cystinc follicles seen in the cortex

Answer 3

homogeneous

Question 4

small enechoic of cystic follicles may be seen_________in the cortex

Answer 4

medially

Question 5

during the early ______phase many follicles develop and increase in size until about day 8-9 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 5

proliferative

Question 6

the ___________may occasionally be detecteed as an eccentrially locarted cystlike 1mm internal mural protrusion

Answer 6

cumulus oophorus

Question 7

if fluid in the nondominant follicles is not reabsorbed a ________cyst develops

Answer 7

follicular

Question 8

the occurrance of fluid in the cul-de-sac is commonly seen after ovulation and peaks in the early______phase

Answer 8

luteal

Question 9

following ovulation in the luteal phase a mature ___________develops and may be identified sonographically as a small hypoechoic or isoechoic structure peripherally within the ovary

Answer 9

corpus luteum

Question 10

any simple ______that hemorrhages may appear as a complex mass

Answer 10

cyst

Question 11

the more sonographically complex the tumor the more likely it is to be ________especially if associated with ascites

Answer 11

malignant

Question 12

patients with normal menstrual cycles are best scanned in teh first ______days of the cycle this prevents confusion with normal changes in intraovarian blood flow because high diastolic flow occurs in the luteal phase

Answer 12

10

Question 13

a mass showing complete absence of or very little diasolic flow (very elevated RI and PI values) is usually __________

Answer 13

benign

Question 14

duplex doppler reveals prominent ________flow in corpus luteum cysts this low velocity waveform is present throughout the luteal phase of the cycle

Answer 14

`diastolic

Question 15

echogenic free intraperitoneal fluid in the cul-de-sac can help confirm the diagnoses of a __________of leaking hemorrhagic cyst

Answer 15

ruptured

Question 16

the largest of the funtional cysts are ______________and appear as very large, bilateral, multiloculated cystic masses. This mass is associated with high leverls of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and is seen most frequently in association with gestational trophoblastic disease

Answer 16

theca lutein cysts

Question 17

a frequent iatrogenic complicatoin of ovulation induction is ________________. the ovaries are enlarged but measure less than 5 cm in diameter

Answer 17

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Question 18

an endocrinologic disoprder associated with chronic anovulation induction with an imbalance of LH and FSH resulting in abnormal estrogen and androgen production is _______________

Answer 18

polycystic ovarian syndrome

Question 19

paraovarian cysts account for approx 10% of adnexal masses they arise from the ________loigament and usually are of mesothelial of paramesonephric origin

Answer 19

broad

Question 20

endometriosis is common condition in which functioning__________tissue is present outside the uterus

Answer 20

endometrium

Question 21

the localized form consists of a discrete mass called an endometrioma or _____________

Answer 21

chocolate cyst

Question 22

endometriosis may appear as bilateral or unilateral ovarian cysts with patterns ranging from anechoic to solid depending on the amount of ________and its organization

Answer 22

blood

Question 23

torsion of teh ovary is caused by partial or ________rotatoin of the ovarian pedicle on its axis

Answer 23

complete

Question 24

ovarian torsion produces an enlarged __________ovary usually greter than 4 cm in diameter

Answer 24

endomatous

Question 25

unilocular or thinly septated cysts are more likely __________

Answer 25

benign

Question 26

multilocular thickly setated masses and masses with solid nodules are more likely____________

Answer 26

malignant

Question 27

Ovarian cancer can present as a complex cystic or solid mass but it is more liely preponderantly__________

Answer 27

cystic

Question 28

the incidence of ovarian cancer is greatly _______in women who have had breast and colon cancer

Answer 28

increased

Question 29

malignant tumor growth is dependent on __________with the development of abnormal tumor vessels this leads to decreases vascular resistance and higher diastolic flow velocity

Answer 29

angiogenesis

Question 30

sonography may demonstrate one of several patterns: a completly cystic mass with very echogenic nodule along the mural wall representing a ___________a __________level_______________high amplitude echoes with _____________(eg teeth or bone) or a complex mass with __________septations

Answer 30

dermoid

fat fluid

shadowing

internal

Question 31

the __________are more involved with metastatic disease than any other pelvic organ

Answer 31

ovaries