42 workbook ex 3 Flashcards
in ther anteflexed uterus the ovaries are usually identified _______of ____________
laterally
posterolaterally
folloowing hysterectomy the ovaries tend to be located more _______and directly superior to the vaginal cuff
medially
the normal ovary has a __________echotexture which may exhibit a central more echogenic medulla with small anechoic or cystinc follicles seen in the cortex
homogeneous
small enechoic of cystic follicles may be seen_________in the cortex
medially
during the early ______phase many follicles develop and increase in size until about day 8-9 of the menstrual cycle
proliferative
the ___________may occasionally be detecteed as an eccentrially locarted cystlike 1mm internal mural protrusion
cumulus oophorus
if fluid in the nondominant follicles is not reabsorbed a ________cyst develops
follicular
the occurrance of fluid in the cul-de-sac is commonly seen after ovulation and peaks in the early______phase
luteal
following ovulation in the luteal phase a mature ___________develops and may be identified sonographically as a small hypoechoic or isoechoic structure peripherally within the ovary
corpus luteum
any simple ______that hemorrhages may appear as a complex mass
cyst
the more sonographically complex the tumor the more likely it is to be ________especially if associated with ascites
malignant
patients with normal menstrual cycles are best scanned in teh first ______days of the cycle this prevents confusion with normal changes in intraovarian blood flow because high diastolic flow occurs in the luteal phase
10
a mass showing complete absence of or very little diasolic flow (very elevated RI and PI values) is usually __________
benign
duplex doppler reveals prominent ________flow in corpus luteum cysts this low velocity waveform is present throughout the luteal phase of the cycle
`diastolic
echogenic free intraperitoneal fluid in the cul-de-sac can help confirm the diagnoses of a __________of leaking hemorrhagic cyst
ruptured
the largest of the funtional cysts are ______________and appear as very large, bilateral, multiloculated cystic masses. This mass is associated with high leverls of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and is seen most frequently in association with gestational trophoblastic disease
theca lutein cysts
a frequent iatrogenic complicatoin of ovulation induction is ________________. the ovaries are enlarged but measure less than 5 cm in diameter
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
an endocrinologic disoprder associated with chronic anovulation induction with an imbalance of LH and FSH resulting in abnormal estrogen and androgen production is _______________
polycystic ovarian syndrome
paraovarian cysts account for approx 10% of adnexal masses they arise from the ________loigament and usually are of mesothelial of paramesonephric origin
broad
endometriosis is common condition in which functioning__________tissue is present outside the uterus
endometrium
the localized form consists of a discrete mass called an endometrioma or _____________
chocolate cyst
endometriosis may appear as bilateral or unilateral ovarian cysts with patterns ranging from anechoic to solid depending on the amount of ________and its organization
blood
torsion of teh ovary is caused by partial or ________rotatoin of the ovarian pedicle on its axis
complete
ovarian torsion produces an enlarged __________ovary usually greter than 4 cm in diameter
endomatous
unilocular or thinly septated cysts are more likely __________
benign
multilocular thickly setated masses and masses with solid nodules are more likely____________
malignant
Ovarian cancer can present as a complex cystic or solid mass but it is more liely preponderantly__________
cystic
the incidence of ovarian cancer is greatly _______in women who have had breast and colon cancer
increased
malignant tumor growth is dependent on __________with the development of abnormal tumor vessels this leads to decreases vascular resistance and higher diastolic flow velocity
angiogenesis
sonography may demonstrate one of several patterns: a completly cystic mass with very echogenic nodule along the mural wall representing a ___________a __________level_______________high amplitude echoes with _____________(eg teeth or bone) or a complex mass with __________septations
dermoid
fat fluid
shadowing
internal
the __________are more involved with metastatic disease than any other pelvic organ
ovaries
