41 workbook ex 4

Question 1

the most common finding seen frequently in middle ages women is the presence ofr _________

Answer 1

nabothian cysts

Question 2

clinical findings of irregular bleeding may be the result of ________a condition that arises from the hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the endocervix or ectocervix

Answer 2

cervical polyps

Question 3

an acquired condiditon with obstruction of the cervical canal at the internal or external os resulting from radiation therapy, previous cone biopsy, postmenapausal cervical atrophy, chronic infection, laser surgery or cryosurgery, or cervical carcinoma is _____________

Answer 3

cervical stenosis

Question 4

a vaginal __________is seen in hysterectomy patients after surgery

Answer 4

cuff

Question 5

the most common cystic lesion of the vagina is the ________cyst; it is usually found incidentally during sonographic exams

Answer 5

Gartner’s Duct

Question 6

the most commom congenital abnormality of the femail genital tract is a _________ resulting in obstruction

Answer 6

imperforate hymen

Question 7

the begning tumor called a ________is the most common gynecologic tumor

occuring in approx 20-30% of women over age 30 with higher incidence in African American women

Answer 7

leiomyoma

Question 8

myomas are ______dependent and may increase in size during pregnancy although about one half of all myomsa show little change during pregnancy

Answer 8

estrogen

Question 9

leiomyomas are characterized as _________(displacing or distorting the endometrial caivty with subsequent irreguler or heavy bleeding), ________(confined to the myometrium, the most common type) or ______________(projecting from the peritneal surface of the uterus sometimes becoming pedunculated and appearing as extrauterine masses

Answer 9

submucosal

intramucosal

subserosa

Question 10

___________myomas may erode into the endometrial cavity and cause irregular or heavy bleeding which may lead to anemia

Answer 10

submucosal

Question 11

the earlist sonographic finding of __________shows uterine enlargement with a heterogeneous texture and contour distortion along the interface between the uterus and the bladder

Answer 11

myomas

Question 12

the most commom of uterine calcification is _______;a less common cause is ________artery calcification in the periphery of the uterus

Answer 12

myomas

arcuate

Question 13

the ectopic occurrence of nests of endometrial tissue within ghte myometrium is __________and is more extensive in the posterior wall

Answer 13

ademyosis

Question 14

uterine ________malformatoins (AVM’s) consist of a vascular plexus of arteries and veins without an intervening capillary network

Answer 14

anteriovenous

Question 15

the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in both premenopausal and postmenopausal woem that develps from unopposes estrogen stimulation is ____________

Answer 15

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 16

ideally a woman using ______ hormones should be studied at the beginning or end of her hormone cycle when the endometrium is theroretically at its thinnest

Answer 16

sequential

Question 17

sonographically ________appear toward the end of the luteal phase and are represented by a hypoechoic region within the hyperechoic endometrium

Answer 17

polyps

Question 18

_________most often occurs in association with PID, in the postpartum state or following instrumentation invasion

Answer 18

endometritis

Question 19

intrauterine _________(endometrial adhesions, ashermans’s syndrome) are found in women with post traumatic or post surgical histories including uterine currettage

Answer 19

synechiae

Question 20

the earlist change associated with ___________is a thickened endometrium

is is alos associated with endometrial hypertrophy and polyps

Answer 20

endometrial carcinoma

Question 21

sonographically a thickened endometrium (greater than 4-5 mm) must be considered ________until it is proved otherwise

Answer 21

cancer

Question 22

the ___________device that appears as a highly echogenic linear structures in the endometrial cavity within the uterine body that are separate from normal cental endomtrial echoes

Answer 22

Intrauterine contraceptive