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GI I > secretory functions of pancreas > Flashcards

secretory functions of pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What inn the islets of langerhans

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
inhibited by SAN
stimulated by PAN

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2
Q

Where is the sphincter od oddie

A

at the edge of the hepatopancreatic ampulla

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3
Q

what is a lobule of the pancreas

A

group of acini

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4
Q

describe the pancreatic drainage into the pancreatic duct

A

lumen is drained by a ductule which forms interlobular ducts then into pancreatic duct

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5
Q

which cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing large volumes ow watery fluid

A

the ductule cells and centroacinar cells

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6
Q

What do intercalated ducts receive

A

secretions from acini

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7
Q

what do intralobular ducts receive

A

fluid from intercalated ducts

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8
Q

Descirbe the two components of pancreatic secretion

A

aqeuous NaHCO3 component to neutralize

enzymatic component to digest a meal

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9
Q

What hormones stimulate protein secretion from acinar cells

A

ACh, CCK secretin and VIP

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10
Q

What do VIP and secretin stimulate

A

activate PKA

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11
Q

What do CCK and ACH activate

A

PLC and PKC

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12
Q

What does CCK stimulate on acinar cells

A

enzyme secretion

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13
Q

Any activation of acinar cells results in what

A

increase Ca as a second messenger
activation of protein kinases
and increase acinar cell secretions

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14
Q

Is the fluid from acinar cells hypo, hyper or isotonic

A

isotonic, NaCL secretion

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15
Q

Which cells are responsible for the release of HCO3

A

duct cells

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16
Q

How does secretin increase secretion of HCO3

A

activates adenylyl cyclase which increases cAMP to stimulae PKA and phosphorylates the CFTR which pumps out Cl so that the ClHCO3 counter transporter has larger gradient

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17
Q

What enayme is necessary for carb digestion

A

amylase activated by Cl

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18
Q

What are the 2 main protein enzymes

A

tyrpsinogen and chymotrypsinogens

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19
Q

What is the enzyme for lipid digestion

A

lipase

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20
Q

What enzyme removes the bile salts from around the fat droplets so lipase can degrade them

A

pro-colipase

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21
Q

what do glycoproteins do after secreted by acinar cells

A

protect against protease mediated mucosal injury

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22
Q

what fo trypsin inhibitors dow

A

protect against trypsin in acinar and ductal cells

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23
Q

trypsin does what to the enzymes

A

activates chymotrypsinogen

24
Q

What activates trypsinogen to trypsin

A

enterokinase

25
Q

where is enterokinase located

A

brushborder of duodenum

26
Q

What are the primary roles of secretin and CCK

A

secretin for fluid and electrolyte secretion

CCK for enzyme secretion

27
Q

what dictates the amount of fluid and HCO3 secretion

A

quantity of acid enter in duodenum

28
Q

What determines the amount of enzyme secretion

A

quantity of fat and protein in the duodenum

29
Q

describe stimulation of CCK

A

CCK b R via sitmulation from vagal afferents of duodenum that then release ACh and VIP to stimulate HCO3 secretion from duct cells

30
Q

What is CCK effect on sphincter of oddi

A

relaxes it

31
Q

what is CCK effect on stomach? gall bladder?

A

on stomach is reduced emptying

on gall bladder is contraction

32
Q

Where is CCK stored

A

I cells in duodenum

33
Q

What controls release of CCK

A

its releasing peptide and monitoring peptide

Ach and vasovagal reflexes release gastrin-releasing peptide which inturn stim CCK RP and MP

34
Q

What inhibits I cells from releaseing CCK

A

trypsin

35
Q

Where is secretin released from

A

S cells in duodenal mucosa

36
Q

What is secreted at highger and lower rates under secretin stimulation

A

increased Na HCO3 secretion

decreased K Cl secretion

37
Q

At high rates of secretion describe general composition of pancreatic juice

A

alkaline

38
Q

What stimulates S cells to secrete secretin

A

when pH falls from gastric acid

fatty acid meals

39
Q

What occurs to secretin when on a proton pump inhibitor

A

bicarb is not released nor secretin so too much acid– ulcer

40
Q

What is Achlorhydric

A

unable to secrete gastric acid

41
Q

What is the main hormone to counter the acidity coming from stomach

A

secretin

42
Q

In what phase is majority of pancreatic secretion occuring in

A

the intestinal

43
Q

When you eat a high fat and protein meal what hormone primarily takes over

A

CCK to acinar cells to release pancreatic enzymes

44
Q

Signs of malabsorption and ingestion appear when pancreatic secretions fall below what percent

A

10

45
Q

What is Steatorrhea

A

fat in the stool, early sign of pancreatic digestion

46
Q

what can cause steatorrhea

A

reduced pancreatic enzyme, lipase and bicarb secretion

a low pH inactivates lipase

47
Q

What is pancreatitis

A

autodigestion of pancreatic tissue when retaining the secretions
acute could be caused by a gall stone
hereditary could be mutated trypsin
or alcohol abuse causing chronic inflammation

48
Q

What drugs and toxins can damage pancreas

A

immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants, thiazides

49
Q

What are autoimmune diseases of the pancreas

A

celiacs, IgG4

50
Q

What type of genetic mutations occur to lead to pacreatitis

A

SPINK1, CFTR and CTRC

51
Q

Describe cystic fibrosis mutation of pancreas

A

the CFTR is lacking so Cl does not leave and then decreased HCO3 excretion–> autodigestion

52
Q

How does primary aldosteronism affect pancreas

A

abnormal electrolyte levels

low NaCl in saliva and K is at high levels

53
Q

What is Kwashiokor

A

reduction in pancreatic secretion except amylase (cannot digest protein)

54
Q

What happens to pancreas in diabetes

A

reduced pancreatic enzyme secretion in absence of pancreatic disease

55
Q

What cells are the main key players in pancreatic secretion during the cephalic phase

A

the acinar cells, high concentration of enzymes in low volume

56
Q

What is the only enzyme in digestive system that can digest fat

A

pancreatic lipase

GI I (14 decks)

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