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GI I > Intestines-histo > Flashcards

Intestines-histo Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the SI

A

absorption

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2
Q

What are the 3 magnitudes of folding of the SI

A

microvilli, villi and plicacirculares

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3
Q

describe microvilli

A

cytoplasmic projections of cell membrane- simple columnar epitheliums

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4
Q

What is the structure of villi

A

evaginations of mucosa with a core of lamina propria that project into the lumen

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5
Q

what do villi look like in the 3 parts of SI

A

duodenum- broad short and leaf like
jejunum- tongue like projections
in ileum- tall, narrow, finger-like projections

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6
Q

what is the structure of plicae circulares

A

circular folds of entire mucosa with a core of submucosa

permanent projections into lumen

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7
Q

where are plicae circulares most prominent

A

distal duodenum and proximal jejunum

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8
Q

what are the 3 categories of glands in SI

A

exocrine, submucosal and intestinal crypts

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9
Q

what are the exocrine glands of the SI

A

pancreas and liver

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10
Q

what are the submucosal glands of the SI

A

duodenal

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11
Q

Whar are the intestinal crypts of the SI

A

epithelium invaginating into lamina propria in small and large intestine

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12
Q

Whar type of epithelium is the SI

A

simple columnar epithelium replaced every 3-7 days

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13
Q

what cells are present in SI epithelium

A 
absorptive columnar with microvilli
goblet cells
lymphocytes
enteroendocrine cells
paneth cells
M cells
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14
Q

What are enteroendocrine cells

A

secrete product into vascular channels in lamina propria

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15
Q

What products do enteroendocrine cells secrete

A 
incretins (K cells)
GIP (L cells)
serotonin (enterochromaffin cells)
somatostatin
motilin
cholecystokinin
neurotensin
VIP
substance P
endorphins
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16
Q

where are paneth cells found

A

in the base of intestinal crypts

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17
Q

describe characterizations of paneth cells

A

large acidophilic granules

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18
Q

what do paneth cells secrete

A

lysozyme and peptide defensins

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19
Q

what is the role of lysozymes and peptide defensins

A

degrade bacterial cell wall components

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20
Q

What are M cells and what is their role

A

specialized cells in epithelium that are part of innate and classic immune system because the actively capture and transport Ag to APCs and B cells in lamina propria

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21
Q

describe the lamina propria structure and function of AI

A

loose CT prone to lymphoid infiltration so have lots of plasma cells that can produce IgA
also have lots of capillaries”lacteals” that begin blindly in the villi
have lymph nodules called peyers patches

22
Q

where are peyers patches most prominent in SI

A

ileum and maybe lower jejunum

23
Q

Where are M cells most prevalent in SI

A

ileum and l=maybe lower jejunum

24
Q

Describe the layers of the SI wall

A

submucosa with lymphocytes and peyers patches
muscularis externa
serosa

25
Q

describe the serosa of the 3 parts of SI

A

duodenum has serosa anteriorly because retroperitoneal

ileum and jéjunum have serosa continuous with supporting mesentery

26
Q

What is the ileocecal junction

A

ileum joins large intestine

27
Q

what structures make up the ileocecal junction

A

folds of mucosa and submucosa supported by muscularis externa

28
Q

the cecum is structurally identical to what part of gut

A

large intestine- colon

29
Q

What type of cells are found in the appendix

A

intestinal crypts of enteroendocrine cells and paneth cells

30
Q

describe the epithelium of appendix

A

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

31
Q

describe layers of appendix wall

A

muscularis mucosa is incomplete
submucosa is thick
thin 2 layered muscularis externa
typical serosa

32
Q

Are there villi on the large intestine

A

no

33
Q

What are the intestinal crypts called in large intestine

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

34
Q

describe the intestinal crypts of the large intestine

A

longer and more closely packed than in SI

have some enteroendocrine cells and no paneth cells

35
Q

What is the surface epithelium like in the large intestine

A

simple columnar but many many goblet cells and no digestive enzymes are secreted

36
Q

why are there numerous goblet cell sin large intestine compared to small

A

fecal matter is solidified now and needs lubrication

37
Q

instead of plica circulates, what is in the large intestine

A

plica semilunares that form haustra

38
Q

describe the muscularis externa layer of the large intestine

A

inner layer completely encircles submucosa

outer longitudinal layer in 3 longitudinal bands

39
Q

what is the name of the 3 longitudinal bands of the outer layer of muscularis externa

A

taeniae coli

40
Q

describe the serosa of the large intestine

A

on anterior surface but not posterior

41
Q

what is the name of the small sacs of fat on the large intestine

A

epiploic appendages

42
Q

describe the muscularis externa of the rectum

A

complete and there are no taeniae coli anymore because form outer m layer

43
Q

describe serosa of rectum

A

upper 1/3 is intraperitoneal and has serosa
anterior surface in middle 1/3 has serosa becase retroperitoneal
lower 1/3 does not have serosa because extraperitoneal now

44
Q

What are the plicae transversales of the rectum

A

transverse folds of mucosa that bulge into lumen
2 on left
1 on right

45
Q

where is the rectoanal junction

A

where rectum pierces perineum

46
Q

Describe the changes at the rectoanal junction

A

intestinal crypts decrease in number till they disappear and the mucous membrane forms longitudinal folds known as rectal columns

47
Q

how does epithelium change across pectinate line

A

simple columnar becomes stratified squamous non cornfield and becomes continuous with the skin

48
Q

describe the submucosal Ct of the anal canal

A

subepithelial circumanal glands
longitudinal thin walled vv
(hemorrhoidal vv)

49
Q

Describe the muscularis externa of the anal canal

A

internal layer thickens to form internal anal sphincter

external sphincter is formed by skel m

50
Q

Where is the anal verge

A

caudal portion of anal canal

51
Q

what is the epithelium like at the anal verge

A

stratified squamous keratinized with sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands

GI I (14 decks)

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