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GI I > Organization of abdomen > Flashcards

Organization of abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral level is the transpyloric plane

A

LV1

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2
Q

what vertebral level is the subcostal plane

A

LV3

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3
Q

what level is the transumbilical plane

A

LV3/LV4

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4
Q

what vertebral level is the supracristal plane

A

LV4

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5
Q

what vertebral level is the transtubercular plane

A

LV5

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6
Q

Interspinous plane

A

SV1

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7
Q

what are the osseous structures in the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

LV1-5
Ribs 7-12
pelvic girdle

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8
Q

what are the layers of fascia in abdomen

A

superficial–>campers

deeper–>scarpas

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9
Q

where does the deep layer of fascia in abdomen attach

A

iliac crest, fascia lata below inguinal ligament and pubic tubercle

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10
Q

what and where is the transversalis fascia

A

lines all abdominopelvic cavity, deep to muscle layer

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11
Q

where and what is the subserous fascia

A

loose fatty CT between transversalis fascia and peritoneum

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12
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

serous membrane which lines abdominopelvic cavity

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external abdominal obliques

A

origin: outer surfaces of ribs 1-5
insertion: anterior iliac crest

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14
Q

what is the action of the external abdominal obliques

A

flexion of vertebral column and pelvis, compression and support of the viscera
one side causes lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to opposite side

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15
Q

what is the innervation for external abdominal obliques

A

intercostal, subcostal and iliohypogastric

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16
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the internal abdominal oblique

A

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest and lateral inguinal ligament
insertion: inferior borders of ribs 9-12

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17
Q

what is the action on internal abdominal oblique

A

flexion of vertebral column and pelvis, compression and support of abdominal viscera
one side acting alone does lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to same side

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18
Q

what is the innervation of the internal abdominal obliques

A

intercostal, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

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19
Q

what is the origin and innervation of transversus abdominis

A

inner ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest and lateral inguinal ligament
insertion: aponeurosis to linea alba

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20
Q

what is the action of transverses abdominins

A

compression and support of abdominal viscera

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21
Q

what is the innervation of transversus abdominis

A

intercostal, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

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22
Q

origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

A

origin: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
insertion: costal cartilages 5-7 and xiphoid cartilage

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23
Q

what is the action of rectus abdominis

A

flexion of vertebral column and pelvis

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24
Q

what is the innervation of rectus abdomins

A

ventral rami T6-T12 (intercostal and subcostal)

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25
Q

what structure is imbedded in rectus abdominis

A

tendinous intersections

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26
Q

origin and insertion of pyramidalis

A

pubic bone anterior to rectus abdominis

insertion on the linea alba

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27
Q

what is the action of pyramidalis

A

tense the linea alba

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28
Q

what innervates pyramidalis

A

subcostal n

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29
Q

What is clinically important about th emusculature of the anterolateral wall of abdomen

A

muscle fibers should be split parallel to fiber direction and so each layer has to be split differently

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30
Q

where is the arcuate line

A

midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

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31
Q

describe the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis splits into anterior and posterior laminae
Anterior:composed of external and internal abdominal oblique aponeuroses
Posterior: internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses

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32
Q

what is the rectus sheath like below the arcuate line

A

all 3 muscle aponeuroses pass anterior so the anterior: internal and external abdominal oblique and transversus abdomens aponeuroses
posterior: transversalis fascia

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33
Q

where is the linea alba and what attaches to it

A

midline from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

attachment of external, internal and transverses aponeuroses

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34
Q

what is the line semilunaris

A

lateral, fused border of rectus sheath

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35
Q

What is the median umbilical fold and what runs in it

A

from apex of the bladder to the umbilicus and the median umbilical ligament (urachus) is found in the fold

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36
Q

how many medial umbilical folds are there

A

2

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37
Q

what are the medial umbilical folds

A

run toward umbilicus–> occluded parts of the umbilical aa

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38
Q

what are found within the lateral umbilical folds

A

inferior epigastric aa

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39
Q

where is the supravesical fossa

A

between median and medial umbilical folds

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40
Q

what can occur clinically in the supravesical fossa

A

supravesical hernias

41
Q

where is the medial inguinal fossa

A

area between medial and lateral folds

42
Q

where is the sitre for direct inguinal hernia

A

medial inguinal fossa

43
Q

where is the lateral inguinal fossa

A

area lateral to lateral umbilical fold

44
Q

where is the site for indirect inguinal hernias

A

lateral inguinal fossa

45
Q

what nerves provide dermatomes of abdomen

A

T7-L1

46
Q

where do nerves of the abdomen course through

A

transversus abdominis and internal oblique

47
Q

what nerve provides cutaneous branches to suprapubic region

A

iliohypogastric

48
Q

what nerve provides cutaneous branches to perineal region

A

ilioinguinal

49
Q

what aa in superfical abdomen come from femoral?

A

superficial epigastric

superficial circumflex iliac artery

50
Q

What are the deep arteries in abdomen

A 
musculophrenic
superior epigastric
inferior epigastric
posterior intercostal and subcostal aa
lumbar a
deep circumflex iliac a
51
Q

what is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic a

A

musculophrenic and superior epigastric

52
Q

what does the superior epigastric anastomose with

A

inferior epigastric

53
Q

where does inferior epigastric branch off of

A

off external iliac a

54
Q

what does the inferior epigastric a have to pierce to anastomose

A

the posterior layer of rectus sheath

55
Q

Where are the posterior intercostal and subcostal aa found

A

between internal abdominal and transversus abdominis mm

56
Q

where do the lumbar aa course

A

along the posterior intercostal aa

57
Q

what is the deep circumflex iliac a a branch of

A

external iliac a

58
Q

where does the lateral thoracic vein drain to

A

axillary

59
Q

where do the musculophrenic and superior epigastric veins drain to

A

internal thoracic vein

60
Q

where do the superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac vv drain to

A

femoral vein

61
Q

what is the portal-cabal anastomosis

A

vessels around umbilicus

62
Q

what is the thoracoepigastric vein

A

venous anastomosis between lateral thoracic vein and superficial epigastric vein

63
Q

what do the musculophrenic and superior epigastric aa drain to

A

internal thoracic vein

64
Q

what do the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac vv drain to

A

external iliac vein

65
Q

where do the lumbar vv drain to

A

inferior vena cava

66
Q

where do the posterior intercostal and subcostal vv drain to

A

azygos

67
Q

what are the superficial lymph plexuses of the abdomen and their relation to transumbilical plane

A

axillary and parasternal lymph nodes are superior to transumbilical plane
superficial inguinal lymph nodes are inferior to transumbilical plane

68
Q

what are the deep lymph nodes called in abdomen

A

external iliac nodes
lumbar lymph nodes
parasternal nodes

69
Q

where do the lymph come from that drain into external iliac nodes

A

via channels which parallel inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac vessels

70
Q

where do the lymph come from that drain into lumbar lymph nodes

A

lumbar vessels

71
Q

where do the lymph come from that drain into parasternal nodes

A

superior epigastric vessels

72
Q

where is the inguinal region

A

between ASIS and pubic tubercle

73
Q

what are the two ligaments that reinforce inguinal region and what is the area of weakness called

A

inguinal ligament and thickening of transversalis fascia (iliopubic tract)
the area is called myopectineal orifice

74
Q

what is the inguinal ligament a continuation of

A

inferior rolled under part of the external oblique aponeurosis

75
Q

what does the path of the inguinal ligament mark transition of

A

abdomen to thigh

76
Q

what are the parts of the inguinal ligament

A

lacunar, pectineal and reflected

77
Q

describe the lacunar ligament

A

medial fibers of inguinal log that attach to lateral pubic tubercle to form medial border of femoral canal

78
Q

describe the pectineal ligament

A

lateral continuation of lacunar ligament fibers attaching to pectineal line of superior pubic ramus

79
Q

describe the reflected ligament

A

continuation of superomedial fibers of inguinal ligament which attach to linea alba

80
Q

What runs through inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus

81
Q

what is the gubernaculum

A

thickligament attaches testes to anterior body wall at future site of deep inguinal ring

82
Q

what forms the deep inguinal ring

A

the transversalis fascia

83
Q

what is the deep inguinal rign

A

entrance to inguinal canal from abdominal cavity

84
Q

what is the superficial inguinal ring

A

exit from inguinal canal into scrotum or labiamajora

85
Q

what forms the superficial inguinal ring

A

split in fibers of external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
lateral crus- pubic tubercle
medial crus- pubic crest
intercrural fibers- fibers which arch between medial and lateral crus

86
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal

A

anterior- external oblique aponeurosis
floor- inguinal log
roof- internal oblique and transverses abdominis
posterior- transversalis fascia laterally, reinforced medially by tendon

87
Q

what is the tendon that reinforces the transversals fascia

A

conjoint- falx inguinalis

fibers of transversus abdominis

88
Q

what runs in the male inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord, ilioinguinal n and genital branch of genitofemoral

89
Q

what are the contents of the spermatic cord

A 
ductus deferens
testicular a
a of ductus deferens
pampiniform plexus
autonomic and lymph of testes
90
Q

what cover the testes and spermatic cord

A

dartos fascia (superficial abdominal fascia) and external abdominal aponeurosis
cremaster m and fascia
transversalis fascia
tunica vaginalis(evagination of peritoneum)

91
Q

what runs thorugh a female inguinal canal

A

round lig of uterus, ilioinguinal n, genital branch of genitofemoral n

92
Q

what happens in females when the processus vaginalis fails to close

A

forms a pouch called Cana; of Nuck and cysts can form

93
Q

2/3 of all ingunal hernias are of what type

A

indirect–lateral inguinal fossa and passes through deep inguinal ring
more common in males

94
Q

what is acongenital indirect hernia caused by

A

failure of proximal processus vaginalis to close

95
Q

what is a direct hernia and what causes it

A

medial inguinal fossa (hesselbach’s triangle)

when weakness in anteiror body wall posterior to superficial inguinal ring

96
Q

what tendon provides natrual protection of a direct hernia

A

conjoint

97
Q

what type of hernia can extend into scrotum or labia majora

A

indirect

98
Q

what side is most common for an indirect hernia

A

right side

99
Q

where do the 2 types of hernias occur relative to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

indirect is lateral

direct is medial

GI I (14 decks)

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