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Organization of abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral level is the transpyloric plane

A

LV1

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2
Q

what vertebral level is the subcostal plane

A

LV3

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3
Q

what level is the transumbilical plane

A

LV3/LV4

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4
Q

what vertebral level is the supracristal plane

A

LV4

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5
Q

what vertebral level is the transtubercular plane

A

LV5

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6
Q

Interspinous plane

A

SV1

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7
Q

what are the osseous structures in the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

LV1-5
Ribs 7-12
pelvic girdle

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8
Q

what are the layers of fascia in abdomen

A

superficial–>campers

deeper–>scarpas

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9
Q

where does the deep layer of fascia in abdomen attach

A

iliac crest, fascia lata below inguinal ligament and pubic tubercle

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10
Q

what and where is the transversalis fascia

A

lines all abdominopelvic cavity, deep to muscle layer

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11
Q

where and what is the subserous fascia

A

loose fatty CT between transversalis fascia and peritoneum

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12
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

serous membrane which lines abdominopelvic cavity

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external abdominal obliques

A

origin: outer surfaces of ribs 1-5
insertion: anterior iliac crest

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14
Q

what is the action of the external abdominal obliques

A

flexion of vertebral column and pelvis, compression and support of the viscera
one side causes lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to opposite side

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15
Q

what is the innervation for external abdominal obliques

A

intercostal, subcostal and iliohypogastric

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16
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the internal abdominal oblique

A

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest and lateral inguinal ligament
insertion: inferior borders of ribs 9-12

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17
Q

what is the action on internal abdominal oblique

A

flexion of vertebral column and pelvis, compression and support of abdominal viscera
one side acting alone does lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to same side

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18
Q

what is the innervation of the internal abdominal obliques

A

intercostal, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

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19
Q

what is the origin and innervation of transversus abdominis

A

inner ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest and lateral inguinal ligament
insertion: aponeurosis to linea alba

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20
Q

what is the action of transverses abdominins

A

compression and support of abdominal viscera

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21
Q

what is the innervation of transversus abdominis

A

intercostal, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

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22
Q

origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

A

origin: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
insertion: costal cartilages 5-7 and xiphoid cartilage

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23
Q

what is the action of rectus abdominis

A

flexion of vertebral column and pelvis

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24
Q

what is the innervation of rectus abdomins

A

ventral rami T6-T12 (intercostal and subcostal)

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25
what structure is imbedded in rectus abdominis
tendinous intersections
26
origin and insertion of pyramidalis
pubic bone anterior to rectus abdominis | insertion on the linea alba
27
what is the action of pyramidalis
tense the linea alba
28
what innervates pyramidalis
subcostal n
29
What is clinically important about th emusculature of the anterolateral wall of abdomen
muscle fibers should be split parallel to fiber direction and so each layer has to be split differently
30
where is the arcuate line
midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis
31
describe the rectus sheath above the arcuate line
internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis splits into anterior and posterior laminae Anterior:composed of external and internal abdominal oblique aponeuroses Posterior: internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses
32
what is the rectus sheath like below the arcuate line
all 3 muscle aponeuroses pass anterior so the anterior: internal and external abdominal oblique and transversus abdomens aponeuroses posterior: transversalis fascia
33
where is the linea alba and what attaches to it
midline from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis | attachment of external, internal and transverses aponeuroses
34
what is the line semilunaris
lateral, fused border of rectus sheath
35
What is the median umbilical fold and what runs in it
from apex of the bladder to the umbilicus and the median umbilical ligament (urachus) is found in the fold
36
how many medial umbilical folds are there
2
37
what are the medial umbilical folds
run toward umbilicus--> occluded parts of the umbilical aa
38
what are found within the lateral umbilical folds
inferior epigastric aa
39
where is the supravesical fossa
between median and medial umbilical folds
40
what can occur clinically in the supravesical fossa
supravesical hernias
41
where is the medial inguinal fossa
area between medial and lateral folds
42
where is the sitre for direct inguinal hernia
medial inguinal fossa
43
where is the lateral inguinal fossa
area lateral to lateral umbilical fold
44
where is the site for indirect inguinal hernias
lateral inguinal fossa
45
what nerves provide dermatomes of abdomen
T7-L1
46
where do nerves of the abdomen course through
transversus abdominis and internal oblique
47
what nerve provides cutaneous branches to suprapubic region
iliohypogastric
48
what nerve provides cutaneous branches to perineal region
ilioinguinal
49
what aa in superfical abdomen come from femoral?
superficial epigastric | superficial circumflex iliac artery
50
What are the deep arteries in abdomen
``` musculophrenic superior epigastric inferior epigastric posterior intercostal and subcostal aa lumbar a deep circumflex iliac a ```
51
what is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic a
musculophrenic and superior epigastric
52
what does the superior epigastric anastomose with
inferior epigastric
53
where does inferior epigastric branch off of
off external iliac a
54
what does the inferior epigastric a have to pierce to anastomose
the posterior layer of rectus sheath
55
Where are the posterior intercostal and subcostal aa found
between internal abdominal and transversus abdominis mm
56
where do the lumbar aa course
along the posterior intercostal aa
57
what is the deep circumflex iliac a a branch of
external iliac a
58
where does the lateral thoracic vein drain to
axillary
59
where do the musculophrenic and superior epigastric veins drain to
internal thoracic vein
60
where do the superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac vv drain to
femoral vein
61
what is the portal-cabal anastomosis
vessels around umbilicus
62
what is the thoracoepigastric vein
venous anastomosis between lateral thoracic vein and superficial epigastric vein
63
what do the musculophrenic and superior epigastric aa drain to
internal thoracic vein
64
what do the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac vv drain to
external iliac vein
65
where do the lumbar vv drain to
inferior vena cava
66
where do the posterior intercostal and subcostal vv drain to
azygos
67
what are the superficial lymph plexuses of the abdomen and their relation to transumbilical plane
axillary and parasternal lymph nodes are superior to transumbilical plane superficial inguinal lymph nodes are inferior to transumbilical plane
68
what are the deep lymph nodes called in abdomen
external iliac nodes lumbar lymph nodes parasternal nodes
69
where do the lymph come from that drain into external iliac nodes
via channels which parallel inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac vessels
70
where do the lymph come from that drain into lumbar lymph nodes
lumbar vessels
71
where do the lymph come from that drain into parasternal nodes
superior epigastric vessels
72
where is the inguinal region
between ASIS and pubic tubercle
73
what are the two ligaments that reinforce inguinal region and what is the area of weakness called
inguinal ligament and thickening of transversalis fascia (iliopubic tract) the area is called myopectineal orifice
74
what is the inguinal ligament a continuation of
inferior rolled under part of the external oblique aponeurosis
75
what does the path of the inguinal ligament mark transition of
abdomen to thigh
76
what are the parts of the inguinal ligament
lacunar, pectineal and reflected
77
describe the lacunar ligament
medial fibers of inguinal log that attach to lateral pubic tubercle to form medial border of femoral canal
78
describe the pectineal ligament
lateral continuation of lacunar ligament fibers attaching to pectineal line of superior pubic ramus
79
describe the reflected ligament
continuation of superomedial fibers of inguinal ligament which attach to linea alba
80
What runs through inguinal canal
spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus
81
what is the gubernaculum
thickligament attaches testes to anterior body wall at future site of deep inguinal ring
82
what forms the deep inguinal ring
the transversalis fascia
83
what is the deep inguinal rign
entrance to inguinal canal from abdominal cavity
84
what is the superficial inguinal ring
exit from inguinal canal into scrotum or labiamajora
85
what forms the superficial inguinal ring
split in fibers of external abdominal oblique aponeurosis lateral crus- pubic tubercle medial crus- pubic crest intercrural fibers- fibers which arch between medial and lateral crus
86
What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal
anterior- external oblique aponeurosis floor- inguinal log roof- internal oblique and transverses abdominis posterior- transversalis fascia laterally, reinforced medially by tendon
87
what is the tendon that reinforces the transversals fascia
conjoint- falx inguinalis | fibers of transversus abdominis
88
what runs in the male inguinal canal
spermatic cord, ilioinguinal n and genital branch of genitofemoral
89
what are the contents of the spermatic cord
``` ductus deferens testicular a a of ductus deferens pampiniform plexus autonomic and lymph of testes ```
90
what cover the testes and spermatic cord
dartos fascia (superficial abdominal fascia) and external abdominal aponeurosis cremaster m and fascia transversalis fascia tunica vaginalis(evagination of peritoneum)
91
what runs thorugh a female inguinal canal
round lig of uterus, ilioinguinal n, genital branch of genitofemoral n
92
what happens in females when the processus vaginalis fails to close
forms a pouch called Cana; of Nuck and cysts can form
93
2/3 of all ingunal hernias are of what type
indirect--lateral inguinal fossa and passes through deep inguinal ring more common in males
94
what is acongenital indirect hernia caused by
failure of proximal processus vaginalis to close
95
what is a direct hernia and what causes it
medial inguinal fossa (hesselbach's triangle) | when weakness in anteiror body wall posterior to superficial inguinal ring
96
what tendon provides natrual protection of a direct hernia
conjoint
97
what type of hernia can extend into scrotum or labia majora
indirect
98
what side is most common for an indirect hernia
right side
99
where do the 2 types of hernias occur relative to the inferior epigastric vessels
indirect is lateral | direct is medial

GI I (14 decks)

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