Pancreas histo Flashcards
Where is the pancreas located in the body
retroperitoneal at level of 2nd lumbar
whic artery defines the neck of the pancreas
gastroduodenal
What lays antero superior to the pancreas
the stomach
What merges directly behind the pancreas
superior mesenteric vein and portal vein
At what level in the body is the tail of the pacreas approx at
T12
where does the pancreas terminate
within splenophrenic lig
What part of the colon can be injured during a splenectomy
the splenic or R flexure
Describe the P difference in the common bile duct than pancreas
pancreas has higher P to proven backflow
what does the main pancreatic duct merge with and where
merges with common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater, main hepatopancreatic ampulla
What does the acessory duct of Santorini drain
superior portion of head and empties separately into duodenum
Where do the superior pancreaticoduodenal aa come from
gastroduodenal
where do the inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa come from
superior mesenteric
where does the dorsal pancreatic a come from
splenic
where does the great pancreatic a come from
splenic
where does the caudal pancreatic a come from
splenic
Describe venous drainage of pancreas
anterior and posterior drain head and body to SMV or portal vein
splenic vein drains body and tail, ultimately to hepatic portal vein
What are the 2 major components of the pancreas
acini and ducts
what is the role of acinar cells
secrete digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase and trypsinogen
What is the role of duct cells
secrete water and electrolytes
centroacinar and intercalated duct cells secrete bicarb
what can larger duct cells secrete too
mucins
What is the fluid like in the pancreas
alkaline and isoosmotic
How can the pancreatic fluid be alkaline with digestive enzymes
enzymes ar activated in the duodenum by an acidic pH
Is the pancreas more exocrine or endocrine
exocrine, less than 2% has endocrine functions
What are the endocrine cells in the pancreas
islets of Langerhans
What are the 4 main cell types in the islets of langerhans
alpha that produce glucagon
beta (majority) produce insulin and amylin
delta produce somatostatin
PP cells that produce pancreatic peptide
What are the 3 minor cell types in the islets of langerhans
delta 1 cells produce VIP
EC beta cells that produce secretin, motilin and substance P
epsilon cells that produce ghrelin
What are the 2 primary hormones secreted by pancreas
insulin when there is glucose
glucagon when there is low glucose
what does glucagon do
promote production of glucose in the liver
What are stimulatory inputs to insulin release
glucosem aa, glucagon, GIP, CCK, sulfonylurea, B sympathetic fibers
what are inhibitory inputs to insulin release
somatotstatin
amylin, pancreastatin, alpha sympathetic fibers
What is the role of pancreatic polypeptide
stimulates gastric chief cells
inhibits bile secretion and intestinal motility
inhibits pancreatic enzymes and HCO3 secretion
What is the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP
similar to glucagon
affects secretory and motility of gut
stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion
what is the role of secretin
acts locally to stimulate HCO3 secretion and enzyme secretion from pancreas
what is the role of motilin
increases gastric and intestinal motility
what is the role of substance P
neurotransmitter
what is the role of ghrelin
stimulates appetite
How are human islets arranged in the body
around so that all the cells can be in touch with vasculature
How does intercellular communication work in the pancreatic islets and what does this mean
islet-acinar axis or islet acinar portal system
does not need neuronal input to work
