Pancreas histo Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pancreas located in the body

A

retroperitoneal at level of 2nd lumbar

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2
Q

whic artery defines the neck of the pancreas

A

gastroduodenal

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3
Q

What lays antero superior to the pancreas

A

the stomach

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4
Q

What merges directly behind the pancreas

A

superior mesenteric vein and portal vein

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5
Q

At what level in the body is the tail of the pacreas approx at

A

T12

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6
Q

where does the pancreas terminate

A

within splenophrenic lig

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7
Q

What part of the colon can be injured during a splenectomy

A

the splenic or R flexure

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8
Q

Describe the P difference in the common bile duct than pancreas

A

pancreas has higher P to proven backflow

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9
Q

what does the main pancreatic duct merge with and where

A

merges with common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater, main hepatopancreatic ampulla

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10
Q

What does the acessory duct of Santorini drain

A

superior portion of head and empties separately into duodenum

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11
Q

Where do the superior pancreaticoduodenal aa come from

A

gastroduodenal

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12
Q

where do the inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa come from

A

superior mesenteric

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13
Q

where does the dorsal pancreatic a come from

A

splenic

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14
Q

where does the great pancreatic a come from

A

splenic

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15
Q

where does the caudal pancreatic a come from

A

splenic

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16
Q

Describe venous drainage of pancreas

A

anterior and posterior drain head and body to SMV or portal vein
splenic vein drains body and tail, ultimately to hepatic portal vein

17
Q

What are the 2 major components of the pancreas

A

acini and ducts

18
Q

what is the role of acinar cells

A

secrete digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase and trypsinogen

19
Q

What is the role of duct cells

A

secrete water and electrolytes

centroacinar and intercalated duct cells secrete bicarb

20
Q

what can larger duct cells secrete too

A

mucins

21
Q

What is the fluid like in the pancreas

A

alkaline and isoosmotic

22
Q

How can the pancreatic fluid be alkaline with digestive enzymes

A

enzymes ar activated in the duodenum by an acidic pH

23
Q

Is the pancreas more exocrine or endocrine

A

exocrine, less than 2% has endocrine functions

24
Q

What are the endocrine cells in the pancreas

A

islets of Langerhans

25
Q

What are the 4 main cell types in the islets of langerhans

A

alpha that produce glucagon
beta (majority) produce insulin and amylin
delta produce somatostatin
PP cells that produce pancreatic peptide

26
Q

What are the 3 minor cell types in the islets of langerhans

A

delta 1 cells produce VIP
EC beta cells that produce secretin, motilin and substance P
epsilon cells that produce ghrelin

27
Q

What are the 2 primary hormones secreted by pancreas

A

insulin when there is glucose

glucagon when there is low glucose

28
Q

what does glucagon do

A

promote production of glucose in the liver

29
Q

What are stimulatory inputs to insulin release

A

glucosem aa, glucagon, GIP, CCK, sulfonylurea, B sympathetic fibers

30
Q

what are inhibitory inputs to insulin release

A

somatotstatin

amylin, pancreastatin, alpha sympathetic fibers

31
Q

What is the role of pancreatic polypeptide

A

stimulates gastric chief cells
inhibits bile secretion and intestinal motility
inhibits pancreatic enzymes and HCO3 secretion

32
Q

What is the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP

A

similar to glucagon
affects secretory and motility of gut
stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion

33
Q

what is the role of secretin

A

acts locally to stimulate HCO3 secretion and enzyme secretion from pancreas

34
Q

what is the role of motilin

A

increases gastric and intestinal motility

35
Q

what is the role of substance P

A

neurotransmitter

36
Q

what is the role of ghrelin

A

stimulates appetite

37
Q

How are human islets arranged in the body

A

around so that all the cells can be in touch with vasculature

38
Q

How does intercellular communication work in the pancreatic islets and what does this mean

A

islet-acinar axis or islet acinar portal system

does not need neuronal input to work