Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI I > esophagus and stomach histo > Flashcards

esophagus and stomach histo Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 main layers of the gut tub

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the key structures of the mucosa layer and related function

A

thin layer so provides barrier but also allows for absorption and secretion
also have supplementary mucous glands for lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which layer of the gut tube is continous with the external environment

A

the mucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three layers within the mucosa

A

epithelium with BM
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the role of the epithelial layer of the mucosa

A

primary is protection

secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the lamina propria layer of the mucosa

A

loose CT underying and supporting epithelium with small vessels and lymph
nerves
mucosal glands and varying amounts of lymph tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the structure of the muscularismucosae layer of the mucosa

A

inner circular layer of smooth m

outer longitudinal layer of smooth m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the 3rd variable layer within the muscularis mucosa of the mucosa layer

A

luminal and longitudinal can be found in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the role of the smooth muscle layers in the muscularis mucosae

A

to allow localized movement of the mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the structure of the submucosa layer

A

CT with elastic fibers with submucosal glands in the esophagus and duodenum reas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the role of the submucosa and what structures run init

A

provides motility

there are large blood vessels, lymph, nerves and parasympathetic ganglia (meissners)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe the structure of the muscularis externa

A

thick inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
both layers are spirally arranged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structures around found between the layers within the muscularis externa

A 
vascular and ANS plexi
Parasympathetic ganglia (Auerbachs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic ganglia in the muscularis externa

A

propel luminal contents onward, maintains the tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the outermost layer of the gut tube

A

the adventitia is a coat of dense CT that usually blends with surrounding areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is serosa

A

the coat of peritoneum with vessels and nerves that surround hollow organs in the cavity or ones projecting into the cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where do the epithelial linings of tracts arise from

A

endodern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where does the CT and smooth muscle derived from

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does the tract change as is progesses caudally

A 
lumen widens
surface area increase by invaginations (pits) that change into crypts and evaginations(villi)
increase number of goblet cells
basophilia increase
lymphatic infiltration of CT increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of the esophagus

A

connects pharynx to stomach

warms and cools food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the stomach absorb

A 
some salts
water
glucose
alcohol
drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the four regions of the stomach

A

body funds cardium and pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the functions of the SI

A

digest and absorb

secrete enzymes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what part of the SI is the duodenum

A

10-12 inches and is retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what amount of the SI is jejunum? ileum?

A

jejunum- 2/5 8 ft

ileum- 3/5 12 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the principal site for water resorption

A

large intestine, also dehydrates chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the main function of the large intestine

A

fecal storage
some digestion
produce mucous

28
Q

what parts of the colon are peritonealized? retroperitoneal?

A

peritoneal- transverse and sigmoid

retroperitoneal- ascending and descending

29
Q

how is the structure of the rectum different

A

muscularis externa is complete and the muscosal folds bulge into lumen

30
Q

what are the parts of the anal canal

A

pectinate line which has a change from simple columnar epithelium to stratified squamous

31
Q

is the anal canal retroperitoneal?

A

partially also extra peritoneal

32
Q

what is the epithelium like of the esophagus

A

stratified squamous non cornfield thick with acellular CT

33
Q

describe the lamina propria of the esophagus

A

there are pegs which are downward projections of epithelium and papillae which are upward projections of CT
have lymph nodules and cardiac esophageal glands

34
Q

what do cardiac esophageal glands do

A

mucous secreting

35
Q

describe the muscular is mucosae of esophagus

A

well developed with several layers of smooth m and some elastic fibers

36
Q

describe the submucosa of the esophagus

A

longitudinal folds in a star shaped lumen with esophageal glands scattered in submucosa

37
Q

describe the muscularis externa throughout esophagus

A

upper is mostly skel m
middle is skel and smooth m
lower is smooth and no skel m

38
Q

describe the adventitia of the esophagus

A

blends with surrounding CT

no serosa

39
Q

how does the epithelium change at the cardioesophageal junction

A

stratified squamous to simple columnar

40
Q

what is considered the histologic fundus of the stomach

A

the body and fundus

41
Q

describe the epithelium layer of the stomach

A

simple columnar with mucous secreting cells and invaginations of gastric pits with glands

42
Q

are goblet cells present in the stomach

A

no

43
Q

describe the lamina propria of the stomach

A

occupies slit like spaces between gastric glands and pits

44
Q

describe the muscularis mucosa layer of the stomach

A

at the base of the glands

45
Q

describe the submucosa layer of the stomach

A

extends into rugae with blood and lymph and peripheral nn and CT cells

46
Q

describe the muscularis externa of stomach

A

inner layer- imcomplete and oblique
middle layer- circular and continous with inner m layer of gut
outer layer- longitudinal which is continuous with outer layer of gut

47
Q

what layer of muscularis externa thickens to form pyloric sphincter

A

middle

48
Q

What is the outer tunic of the stomach

A

the serosal layer of visceral peritoneum that covers loose CT and continuous with the greater and lesser mesenteries

49
Q

What glands are present in the cardiac region of stomach

A

cardiac gastric glands

50
Q

what cells are found in the cardiac region of stomach

A

surface mucous cells lining the gastric pits

undifferentiated cells in the base of pits and neck of glands

51
Q

how often to glandular cells turn over? surface?

A

surface are like 4-5 days

glandular take longer

52
Q

how big are gastric pits in the fundus region

A

1/4 -1/3 of mucosa with 3-7 glands in each pit

53
Q

What cell types are present in the fundic region

A

mucous neck cell
parietal cell (near base of gland)
zymogenic chief cells (in base of gland)
enteroendocrine cell (mainly at base)

54
Q

how deepa re the gastric pits in the pyloric region of stomach

A

1/2 mucosa

55
Q

describe the pyloric glands in the pyloric region

A

have mucous secretin cells and gastrin producing cells

56
Q

describe characteristics of surface mucous cells and role

A

columnar cells that line the gastric pits and appear empty because of mucous droplets and the function to netralize mucus
no goblet!!

57
Q

describe mucus neck cell characteristics

A

flattened basal nuclei that secrete granules and the microvilli are apical
these produce acidic mucus and differ from surface cells

58
Q

describe parietal cells

A

large round or triangular cells iwth dark central nuclei
cytoplasm stains pink to red
smooth ER has lots of cytoplasm
there are microvilli and intracellular canaliculi

59
Q

what do parietal cells produce

A

hydrochloric acid that activates enzymes

intrinsic factor that is required for absorption of vit B12

60
Q

what is vit b12 essential for

A

hemopoiesis

61
Q

describe chief cells

A 
pale stain with oval nuclei and mitochondria are basal in location
apical secretion granules
have microvili
rough ER
produce enzymes found in gastric juice
62
Q

what enzymes do chief cells produce

A

pepsin (protein digestion)

lipase (fat digestion)

63
Q

what cell type is very common in SI

A

gastric enteroendocrine

64
Q

what is the function of gastric enteroendocrine cells

A 
sythesize and store hormones
gastrin
somatostatin
vasoactive intestinal peptide
serotonin
glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide(gastric inhibitory peptide)
65
Q

describe the order of gastric cell types from sruface of lumen to deeper layer

A 
surface mucous cell
mucous neck cell
parietal cell
chief cell
enteroendocrine cell
muscularis mucosa

GI I (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions