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GI I > esophagus and stomach histo > Flashcards

esophagus and stomach histo Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 main layers of the gut tub

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

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2
Q

what are the key structures of the mucosa layer and related function

A

thin layer so provides barrier but also allows for absorption and secretion
also have supplementary mucous glands for lubrication

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3
Q

which layer of the gut tube is continous with the external environment

A

the mucosal layer

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4
Q

what are the three layers within the mucosa

A

epithelium with BM
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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5
Q

what is the role of the epithelial layer of the mucosa

A

primary is protection

secretion and absorption

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6
Q

describe the lamina propria layer of the mucosa

A

loose CT underying and supporting epithelium with small vessels and lymph
nerves
mucosal glands and varying amounts of lymph tissue

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7
Q

describe the structure of the muscularismucosae layer of the mucosa

A

inner circular layer of smooth m

outer longitudinal layer of smooth m

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8
Q

describe the 3rd variable layer within the muscularis mucosa of the mucosa layer

A

luminal and longitudinal can be found in stomach

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9
Q

what is the role of the smooth muscle layers in the muscularis mucosae

A

to allow localized movement of the mucous membrane

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10
Q

describe the structure of the submucosa layer

A

CT with elastic fibers with submucosal glands in the esophagus and duodenum reas

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11
Q

what is the role of the submucosa and what structures run init

A

provides motility

there are large blood vessels, lymph, nerves and parasympathetic ganglia (meissners)

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12
Q

describe the structure of the muscularis externa

A

thick inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
both layers are spirally arranged

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13
Q

what structures around found between the layers within the muscularis externa

A 
vascular and ANS plexi
Parasympathetic ganglia (Auerbachs)
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14
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic ganglia in the muscularis externa

A

propel luminal contents onward, maintains the tone

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15
Q

describe the outermost layer of the gut tube

A

the adventitia is a coat of dense CT that usually blends with surrounding areas

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16
Q

what is serosa

A

the coat of peritoneum with vessels and nerves that surround hollow organs in the cavity or ones projecting into the cavity

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17
Q

where do the epithelial linings of tracts arise from

A

endodern

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18
Q

where does the CT and smooth muscle derived from

A

mesoderm

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19
Q

how does the tract change as is progesses caudally

A 
lumen widens
surface area increase by invaginations (pits) that change into crypts and evaginations(villi)
increase number of goblet cells
basophilia increase
lymphatic infiltration of CT increases
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20
Q

what is the function of the esophagus

A

connects pharynx to stomach

warms and cools food

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21
Q

what does the stomach absorb

A 
some salts
water
glucose
alcohol
drugs
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22
Q

what are the four regions of the stomach

A

body funds cardium and pylorus

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23
Q

what are the functions of the SI

A

digest and absorb

secrete enzymes and hormones

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24
Q

what part of the SI is the duodenum

A

10-12 inches and is retroperitoneal

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25
what amount of the SI is jejunum? ileum?
jejunum- 2/5 8 ft | ileum- 3/5 12 ft
26
what is the principal site for water resorption
large intestine, also dehydrates chyme
27
what is the main function of the large intestine
fecal storage some digestion produce mucous
28
what parts of the colon are peritonealized? retroperitoneal?
peritoneal- transverse and sigmoid | retroperitoneal- ascending and descending
29
how is the structure of the rectum different
muscularis externa is complete and the muscosal folds bulge into lumen
30
what are the parts of the anal canal
pectinate line which has a change from simple columnar epithelium to stratified squamous
31
is the anal canal retroperitoneal?
partially also extra peritoneal
32
what is the epithelium like of the esophagus
stratified squamous non cornfield thick with acellular CT
33
describe the lamina propria of the esophagus
there are pegs which are downward projections of epithelium and papillae which are upward projections of CT have lymph nodules and cardiac esophageal glands
34
what do cardiac esophageal glands do
mucous secreting
35
describe the muscular is mucosae of esophagus
well developed with several layers of smooth m and some elastic fibers
36
describe the submucosa of the esophagus
longitudinal folds in a star shaped lumen with esophageal glands scattered in submucosa
37
describe the muscularis externa throughout esophagus
upper is mostly skel m middle is skel and smooth m lower is smooth and no skel m
38
describe the adventitia of the esophagus
blends with surrounding CT | no serosa
39
how does the epithelium change at the cardioesophageal junction
stratified squamous to simple columnar
40
what is considered the histologic fundus of the stomach
the body and fundus
41
describe the epithelium layer of the stomach
simple columnar with mucous secreting cells and invaginations of gastric pits with glands
42
are goblet cells present in the stomach
no
43
describe the lamina propria of the stomach
occupies slit like spaces between gastric glands and pits
44
describe the muscularis mucosa layer of the stomach
at the base of the glands
45
describe the submucosa layer of the stomach
extends into rugae with blood and lymph and peripheral nn and CT cells
46
describe the muscularis externa of stomach
inner layer- imcomplete and oblique middle layer- circular and continous with inner m layer of gut outer layer- longitudinal which is continuous with outer layer of gut
47
what layer of muscularis externa thickens to form pyloric sphincter
middle
48
What is the outer tunic of the stomach
the serosal layer of visceral peritoneum that covers loose CT and continuous with the greater and lesser mesenteries
49
What glands are present in the cardiac region of stomach
cardiac gastric glands
50
what cells are found in the cardiac region of stomach
surface mucous cells lining the gastric pits | undifferentiated cells in the base of pits and neck of glands
51
how often to glandular cells turn over? surface?
surface are like 4-5 days | glandular take longer
52
how big are gastric pits in the fundus region
1/4 -1/3 of mucosa with 3-7 glands in each pit
53
What cell types are present in the fundic region
mucous neck cell parietal cell (near base of gland) zymogenic chief cells (in base of gland) enteroendocrine cell (mainly at base)
54
how deepa re the gastric pits in the pyloric region of stomach
1/2 mucosa
55
describe the pyloric glands in the pyloric region
have mucous secretin cells and gastrin producing cells
56
describe characteristics of surface mucous cells and role
columnar cells that line the gastric pits and appear empty because of mucous droplets and the function to netralize mucus no goblet!!
57
describe mucus neck cell characteristics
flattened basal nuclei that secrete granules and the microvilli are apical these produce acidic mucus and differ from surface cells
58
describe parietal cells
large round or triangular cells iwth dark central nuclei cytoplasm stains pink to red smooth ER has lots of cytoplasm there are microvilli and intracellular canaliculi
59
what do parietal cells produce
hydrochloric acid that activates enzymes | intrinsic factor that is required for absorption of vit B12
60
what is vit b12 essential for
hemopoiesis
61
describe chief cells
``` pale stain with oval nuclei and mitochondria are basal in location apical secretion granules have microvili rough ER produce enzymes found in gastric juice ```
62
what enzymes do chief cells produce
pepsin (protein digestion) | lipase (fat digestion)
63
what cell type is very common in SI
gastric enteroendocrine
64
what is the function of gastric enteroendocrine cells
``` sythesize and store hormones gastrin somatostatin vasoactive intestinal peptide serotonin glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide(gastric inhibitory peptide) ```
65
describe the order of gastric cell types from sruface of lumen to deeper layer
``` surface mucous cell mucous neck cell parietal cell chief cell enteroendocrine cell muscularis mucosa ```

GI I (14 decks)

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