Secondary metabolite production Flashcards
primary metabolism
biochemical processes
vital for survival
universal
photosynthesis respiration glycolysis
Secondary metabolism
chemical processes
natural defense
unique
active compounds
primary metabolites
Lipids carbohydrates monosaccharides disaccharides ploysaccharides
Roles of secondary metabolites
attraction
defense
UV protection
4 main classes of secondary metabolites
terpenes
phenolic compounds
glycosides
alkaloids
Terpenes
Hormones pigments essential oils aromas y fragrances medical
Phenolic compunds
Defense
protectants
pigments
attractants
Glycosides
many drugs and poisons derived from plants are glycosides Examples: saponins glucosinolates cyanogenic glycosides
Cyanogenic glucosides
Stored in inactive form in plant vacuoles
released to cytoplasm when plant is attacked
Alkaloids
morphone cocaine atropine colchicine quinine
why culture in vitro
independent of external factors such as: temperature changes drought and pests production variability controlled conditions for extraction prevent extinction of exotic plants
Considerations for 2 metabolite production
Plant-environment interaction
relate to the processes of plant development
Production of secondary metabolites in bioreactors
bioreactors provides controlled, automates, cost-effective system for commercial in vitro plant propagation
Methods to optimize the production of secondary metabolites
selection of appropriate plant species selection of enhanced cell lines optimization of culture conditions added precursors immobilized suspension and organs use of microbial elicitors and abiotic stresses
bioreactor optimiztion in 2 stages
product extraction
product purification
