Media types Flashcards
Composition of basal media
Essential elements
carbon source
vitamins
Inorganic compounds
Macrnutrients : NO3, NH4, PO4, K, Ca2+, Mg2+
Micronutrientes: FE, CU, ZN, Mn, Mo, Co, I
Carbohydrates
Sucrose, Glucose & Myoinositol
Vitamins
Thiamine
pyridoxine
nicotic acid
biotin
amino acids
glycine
phytohormones
auxins
cytokinins
Gibberellins
Abscisic acid
Growth regulators
Auxins (NAA): Division an cell elongations, embryogenesis
Cytokinins (BAP): Cellular division, organogenesis, slows aging
Two hormones affect plant differentiation
Cytokinin: shoot development
Auxins: Root development
Other growth regulators
Gibberellins (GAs): Plant regeneration, germination
Abscisic acid (ABA): Evironmental stress
Ethylene: Inhibits cell division, DNA synthesis and growth meristems, Promotes fruit ripening
Main steps for micropropagation
Establishment
proliferation
rooting
hardening off
Fast and efficient way to get many new plants, disease-free, efficient, natual process
Micropropagation
Estabilishment
Selection of elite mother plant
Removal of explant (meristem, leaf, stem, bud)
Disinfection
Establishment
Proliferation
Transfer to proliferation media
Formation of stems (cytokinin:auxin ration of 50:1 produces shoots)
Rooting
Transfer plantlets to fresh medium
gradual strengthening of root system (addition of extra auxin.
Hardening off
Transfer in vitro plantlets
Pots of field
Methods of propagation
Organized–> Organ culture, embryo culture
Unorganized –> callus culture, cell culture in suspension
protoplasts.
Tissue hyperhydricity
Excessive hydration
low lignification
impaired stomatal function
reduced mechanical strength
Phenolization
Blackening and browning of callus pr explants shortly after isolation
Poor shoot development
Albinism
Partial or complete loss of chlorophyll pigments
incomplete differentiation of chloroplast membranes
reduction to complete loss of photosynthesis
