1 Plant Tissue Culture Flashcards
What is plant tissue culture?
The growth or regeneration of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in artificial medium under aseptic conditions
First commercial use of plant tissue culture on artificial media
Germination and growth of orchid plants, in the 1920’s
Which medium was developed in 1962 that made plant tissue culture “take off” comercially?
Murashige & Skoog
What is totipotency?
The ability of a cell to differentiate and develop into a whole plant when given the correct conditions, every plant cell has the genetic potential of the parent plant
True or false : an explant can be any portion of the plant: shoot, leaves, roots, flower or cells
True
What is an explant?
Living tissue transferred from a plant to an artificial medium for culture.
What is micropropagation?
The production of whole plants from small sections of a plant, called an “explant”, a whole plant is produced, which is genetically identical to the mother plant
What is the difference between ex vivo and in vivo?
Ex vivo refers to something being investigated upon, outside its natural environment (in an artificial environment) and in vivo studying something at its natural environment
Stem cells in plants are called:
Meristems
Undefferentiated cells are:
biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells
Why do plants need differentiation?
to go through a series of morphological and physiological changes to become specialized for a particular function
What is callus ?
undifferentiated cell mass
What is de-differentiation?
Plants that have differentiated cells or tissues are gradually restored to the meristematic state in vitro under culture conditions, there is a disappearance of special cell morphology and function and usually results in the formation of callus
What is re-differentiation?
In vitro, after cell de-differentiation, the disorderly growing cells (callus) re-enter the process of orderly growth or differentiation
Why is subculture necessary?
it becomes necessary, due to nutrient depletion and medium drying, to transfer organs and tissues to fresh media.
Types of tissue culture:
1 Organized: culture of whole or parts of a plant. The characteristics and organizational structure of a plant or organ is maintained.
2 Unorganized: callus culture, cell suspension culture
Tissue culture techniques examples:
Micrografting :to eliminate viruses
In vitro pollination and fertilization: Used by plant breeders to create new varieties
Avantages of plant tissue culture
Mass production of various plant cultivars, Production of pathogen-free plants, germplasm preservation, Continuous year round production, The original plant is not destroyed in the process and propagated in controlled lab conditions
Disadvantages of plant tissue culture
Specialized equipment required, High labor cost is the most limiting factor, Contamination or mutations risks,
Factors affecting tissue culture
The genetic make-up of the plant
Source of explants
Nutrients
Environmental factors:
Light, Temp, pH, O2 & CO2 concentrations
Plant culture conditions
25 ±1°C Photoperiod = 12-16h 1000-5000 lux Quality fluorescent lamps and/or LEDs Controlled Humidity