Secondary Economic Activities Flashcards
What is an input
Things we need to put in at the start
Processes
The things we do to the inputs to make them finished or semi finished products
Outputs
The things we have at the end
What is secondary economic activities
Making things:
It usually involves raw material and making them into a finished or semi-finished product . Usually takes place in a factory or workshop
It may be seen as a system
Location factors
Capital Resource material Transport facilities Services Labour Preferred place of the owner Government and EU policy
Resource materials
These are the raw materials or semi finished products that the factory need s to make things
If the resource materials are big and heavy the factory will be built close to the resource materials
If not it would be too difficult and too expensive to move the resource materials to the factory
Markets
Access to markets means being close to the places where you are going to sell the products and where the customers will buy them. The close you are the less transport cost you’ll have to pay to distribute your goods. Therefore you can do it faster and cheaper.
Transport facilities
All factories need to transport the finished products to the customers. If the finished products are to be sold in the same country they’ll need a good road or rail transport and if the products are to be sold in a different country they’ll need to be close to an airport or port
Labour
Labour means the work force. All customers need workers and the factory must be built where there Is enough workers
Some factories require low skilled workers and others require highly skilled university graduates such as Intel
Services
Services means having things lie electricity, water, sewage treatment, telephone and broadband internet access. Most companies need good quality services such so they set up only where these things are avalible
Capital
Capital means the money the company needs to set up their factory. They may need to get investment from banks to help with these costs
Government/EU policy
Governments do many things to encourage companies to set up in their country
The Irish government gives grants to companies who set up here . We also have a low corporate pay rate. They may also build factories for the companies and pay money towards training workers
Preferences of business person/local communities
Some people mayst up a factory in an area where they like or where they come from.
Local people are often happy when companies set up in their area because it provides jobs
However other people may not want factories because it increases the traffic and the number of trucks on the road it may also caus noise visual and air pollution
Different types of industry’s
Heavy, light and multinational corporates
Heavy industry
In these types of industries the resources materials and products being made are big and heavy. Iron and steel making is an example
Light industry
In these types of industry’s the products being made are small and light. Electronic products and health care products are examples of this
Multinational corporate (mnc’s)
These types of companies make there product in many different countries. Examples include coca cola Microsoft and Nike
What is a footloose industry
Many years ago factories needed to be near a coal source for energy therefore had to stay in the one place but nowadays factories are not tied to one area so are footloose
Where do footloose industries usually locate
In industrial estates and parks close to large cities eg.city west
Why might a manufacturing company be footloose
Industrial estates:widely dispersed
Electricity main source of energy no longer have to use coal
Excellent transport facilities
Light industry products are high in value but low in weight so cheap to transport
Ring road around cities so people see them when taking short cuts into cities
U
Why might an industry change its location.
It needs new services or have changed their production methods
For example most industries needed to be near a coal mine as coal was the main source of electricity but nowadays we have many sources of electricity so can move our industries easily
What is industrial inertia
A factory remains although the reason for its location no longer exist
Explain the British iron and steel industry over the years (start)
Started in 1700s
They had large amounts of coal and iron ore which are used to make iron and steel
They built steel mills beside the coal mines as coal was heavy and time consuming to transport
Britain became the leading country in this industry
The used all the iron and steel for railways tracks trains machines and weapons
This helped them to become the most powerful country in the world
What were the three phases of the British iron and still industry
Phase 1
18th century
The growth
Phase 2
19th and early 20th centuries
Plateu (peak)
Phase 3
1960 onwards
Decline
Explain the decline
how?
At first in 1913 there was over 2500 coal mines in Britain. This year the railway had moved over 226 tons of coal
the coal mines had closed down rapidly as all the coal was mined out
The availability of other cheaper energy sources such as oil reduced demand for coal
By the end of 1955 there was only 30 mines and only 2being deep coal mines
Explain the reasons for the decline
The coalfields where exhausted after many years of mining and new methods of working required far less coal to be smelted
Foreign steel makers in Germany and Japan were selling their steel for cheaper than the British so companies began to loose money
The British coast became more attractive for steel plants as it was cheaper to transport
Many iron nd steel plants closed and people lost their jobs because of this eg the Corby steel plant closed in 1980 with the loss of 5000 jobs in 1 year
What are the three groups of types of industries
Industrialised regions
Newly industrialised regions
Indrustrially emergent regions
What are industrialised regions
Including USA Japan and counties in Western Europe these are countries industrials during the industrial revolution in the18th and 19th century’s
What are newly industrialised regions
Including South Korea China and India in East Asia and Mexico and Brazil in South America these are countries with cheap labour which means that more multinational corporations are outpouring producing in these countries
What does industrially emergent mean
Countries that have very little manufacturing taking place
Mainly in sub Saharan Africa as well as some parts of Asia and South America
Africa is becoming more attractive to companies as they are aing advantage of their low costs
What a re the reasons for non manufacturing in places such as Africa
Poor services
Such as lack of electricity and water supplies
Badly developed transport systems
Such as bad quality bridges and roads
Civil war
Many years of civil war goes on in these countries as people are fighting for their rights. Manufacturing don’t want to set up there because of this
What are the impacts of industries a in the environment
Can a use pollution such as pacid rain
What causes acid rain how if forms
Formed when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are releases in the atmosphere from cars and factories.
They gases combine with water vapour in the atmosphere and falls as acid rain
Acid rain. An be formed in one region but van be blown be the wind to another
What problems can acid agin cause
Washes nutrients from the soil
Causing trees to die and stopping crops from growing meaning farmers need to use more fertiliser
Wipes out fish stock
Fish die as water is too acidic and cannot reproduce as water is too acidic
Effects the water quality
Runs into our water systems and effects our health
Wears away rock
Damaging buildings
Hag can we do to resolve acid rain
Use cars less
Take public transport or walk
Use more renewable energy sources
Suas solar and wind power
Use natural gas instead of coal in power stations
It’s a cleaner fuel
Use filters on coal and oil power stations
To reduce sulphur dioxide emissions
Build more nuclear power stations
Explain incinerators and incineration
Incinerators are factories that burn waste
Incinerators have caused huge controversy in Ireland over the past few years
Everywhere they are built locals protest against them
This is because some scientist believe the fumes the incinerators produce are carcinogenic
However the companies running them state they pose no risk to human health
In favour of incineration
It is necessary because our landfill sites are limited and filling quickly
Countries in Western Europe use. It
Government agencies say if properly managed do not present a risk to human health and nearby farms
Can provide hot water to heat local homes and buildings
Against incineration
Unnecessary if we reduce reuse and recycle as much waste as we can and let landfill take the rest
Emissions: people claim dioxins which are very poisonous substances will be released into the air
Releases green house gases
Increase traffic especially lorries
This adds to local pollution levels
What is the cycle of acid rain
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the air from factories and cars
This combines with water in the atmosphere
Falls as acid rain (acid snow at high altitudes
Acid rain /snow falls/melts into rivers pollutes them and kills the fish stock
