Secondary Economic Activities

Question 1

What is an input

Answer 1

Things we need to put in at the start

Question 2

Processes

Answer 2

The things we do to the inputs to make them finished or semi finished products

Question 3

Outputs

Answer 3

The things we have at the end

Question 4

What is secondary economic activities

Answer 4

Making things:
It usually involves raw material and making them into a finished or semi-finished product . Usually takes place in a factory or workshop
It may be seen as a system

Question 5

Location factors

Answer 5

Capital
Resource material
Transport facilities 
Services 
Labour
Preferred place of the owner 
Government and EU policy

Question 6

Resource materials

Answer 6

These are the raw materials or semi finished products that the factory need s to make things

If the resource materials are big and heavy the factory will be built close to the resource materials

If not it would be too difficult and too expensive to move the resource materials to the factory

Question 7

Markets

Answer 7

Access to markets means being close to the places where you are going to sell the products and where the customers will buy them. The close you are the less transport cost you’ll have to pay to distribute your goods. Therefore you can do it faster and cheaper.

Question 8

Transport facilities

Answer 8

All factories need to transport the finished products to the customers. If the finished products are to be sold in the same country they’ll need a good road or rail transport and if the products are to be sold in a different country they’ll need to be close to an airport or port

Question 9

Labour

Answer 9

Labour means the work force. All customers need workers and the factory must be built where there Is enough workers
Some factories require low skilled workers and others require highly skilled university graduates such as Intel

Question 10

Services

Answer 10

Services means having things lie electricity, water, sewage treatment, telephone and broadband internet access. Most companies need good quality services such so they set up only where these things are avalible

Question 11

Capital

Answer 11

Capital means the money the company needs to set up their factory. They may need to get investment from banks to help with these costs

Question 12

Government/EU policy

Answer 12

Governments do many things to encourage companies to set up in their country
The Irish government gives grants to companies who set up here . We also have a low corporate pay rate. They may also build factories for the companies and pay money towards training workers

Question 13

Preferences of business person/local communities

Answer 13

Some people mayst up a factory in an area where they like or where they come from.
Local people are often happy when companies set up in their area because it provides jobs
However other people may not want factories because it increases the traffic and the number of trucks on the road it may also caus noise visual and air pollution

Question 14

Different types of industry’s

Answer 14

Heavy, light and multinational corporates

Question 15

Heavy industry

Answer 15

In these types of industries the resources materials and products being made are big and heavy. Iron and steel making is an example

Question 16

Light industry

Answer 16

In these types of industry’s the products being made are small and light. Electronic products and health care products are examples of this

Question 17

Multinational corporate (mnc’s)

Answer 17

These types of companies make there product in many different countries. Examples include coca cola Microsoft and Nike

Question 18

What is a footloose industry

Answer 18

Many years ago factories needed to be near a coal source for energy therefore had to stay in the one place but nowadays factories are not tied to one area so are footloose

Question 19

Where do footloose industries usually locate

Answer 19

In industrial estates and parks close to large cities eg.city west

Question 20

Why might a manufacturing company be footloose

Answer 20

Industrial estates:widely dispersed

Electricity main source of energy no longer have to use coal

Excellent transport facilities

Light industry products are high in value but low in weight so cheap to transport

Ring road around cities so people see them when taking short cuts into cities

U

Question 21

Why might an industry change its location.

Answer 21

It needs new services or have changed their production methods
For example most industries needed to be near a coal mine as coal was the main source of electricity but nowadays we have many sources of electricity so can move our industries easily

Question 22

What is industrial inertia

Answer 22

A factory remains although the reason for its location no longer exist

Question 23

Explain the British iron and steel industry over the years (start)

Answer 23

Started in 1700s
They had large amounts of coal and iron ore which are used to make iron and steel
They built steel mills beside the coal mines as coal was heavy and time consuming to transport
Britain became the leading country in this industry
The used all the iron and steel for railways tracks trains machines and weapons
This helped them to become the most powerful country in the world

Question 24

What were the three phases of the British iron and still industry

Answer 24

Phase 1
18th century
The growth

Phase 2
19th and early 20th centuries
Plateu (peak)

Phase 3
1960 onwards
Decline

Question 25

Explain the decline

how?

Answer 25

At first in 1913 there was over 2500 coal mines in Britain. This year the railway had moved over 226 tons of coal

the coal mines had closed down rapidly as all the coal was mined out

The availability of other cheaper energy sources such as oil reduced demand for coal

By the end of 1955 there was only 30 mines and only 2being deep coal mines

Question 26

Explain the reasons for the decline

Answer 26

The coalfields where exhausted after many years of mining and new methods of working required far less coal to be smelted

Foreign steel makers in Germany and Japan were selling their steel for cheaper than the British so companies began to loose money

The British coast became more attractive for steel plants as it was cheaper to transport

Many iron nd steel plants closed and people lost their jobs because of this eg the Corby steel plant closed in 1980 with the loss of 5000 jobs in 1 year

Question 27

What are the three groups of types of industries

Answer 27

Industrialised regions
Newly industrialised regions
Indrustrially emergent regions

Question 28

What are industrialised regions

Answer 28

Including USA Japan and counties in Western Europe these are countries industrials during the industrial revolution in the18th and 19th century’s

Question 29

What are newly industrialised regions

Answer 29

Including South Korea China and India in East Asia and Mexico and Brazil in South America these are countries with cheap labour which means that more multinational corporations are outpouring producing in these countries

Question 30

What does industrially emergent mean

Answer 30

Countries that have very little manufacturing taking place
Mainly in sub Saharan Africa as well as some parts of Asia and South America

Africa is becoming more attractive to companies as they are aing advantage of their low costs

Question 31

What a re the reasons for non manufacturing in places such as Africa

Answer 31

Poor services
Such as lack of electricity and water supplies

Badly developed transport systems
Such as bad quality bridges and roads

Civil war
Many years of civil war goes on in these countries as people are fighting for their rights. Manufacturing don’t want to set up there because of this

Question 32

What are the impacts of industries a in the environment

Answer 32

Can a use pollution such as pacid rain

Question 33

What causes acid rain how if forms

Answer 33

Formed when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are releases in the atmosphere from cars and factories.
They gases combine with water vapour in the atmosphere and falls as acid rain
Acid rain. An be formed in one region but van be blown be the wind to another

Question 34

What problems can acid agin cause

Answer 34

Washes nutrients from the soil
Causing trees to die and stopping crops from growing meaning farmers need to use more fertiliser

Wipes out fish stock
Fish die as water is too acidic and cannot reproduce as water is too acidic

Effects the water quality
Runs into our water systems and effects our health

Wears away rock
Damaging buildings

Question 35

Hag can we do to resolve acid rain

Answer 35

Use cars less
Take public transport or walk

Use more renewable energy sources
Suas solar and wind power

Use natural gas instead of coal in power stations
It’s a cleaner fuel

Use filters on coal and oil power stations
To reduce sulphur dioxide emissions

Build more nuclear power stations

Question 36

Explain incinerators and incineration

Answer 36

Incinerators are factories that burn waste
Incinerators have caused huge controversy in Ireland over the past few years
Everywhere they are built locals protest against them
This is because some scientist believe the fumes the incinerators produce are carcinogenic
However the companies running them state they pose no risk to human health

Question 37

In favour of incineration

Answer 37

It is necessary because our landfill sites are limited and filling quickly

Countries in Western Europe use. It

Government agencies say if properly managed do not present a risk to human health and nearby farms

Can provide hot water to heat local homes and buildings

Question 38

Against incineration

Answer 38

Unnecessary if we reduce reuse and recycle as much waste as we can and let landfill take the rest

Emissions: people claim dioxins which are very poisonous substances will be released into the air

Releases green house gases

Increase traffic especially lorries
This adds to local pollution levels

Question 39

What is the cycle of acid rain

Answer 39

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the air from factories and cars
This combines with water in the atmosphere
Falls as acid rain (acid snow at high altitudes
Acid rain /snow falls/melts into rivers pollutes them and kills the fish stock