Seafood Hygiene and Food Preservation Flashcards
What is the definition of seafood?
Fish means fresh or saltwater finfish, crustaceans, other forms of aquatic life other than birds or mammals, and all mollusks, where such animal life is intended for human consumption.
Who makes the regulations for seafood?
the FDA.
Do USA seafood plants require HACCOP?
Yes.
Who handles the voluntary seafood inspection program?
Dept of Commerce (NOAA)
VSIP stands for what?
Voluntary seafood inspection program. It inspects seafood for quality and sanitation.
What are some issues with seafood?
deterioration and health risks (parasites, infectious dz, parasites, natural toxins, etc.)
Who is the reservoir for vibrio vulnificus and parahaemolyticus? How is it transmitted?
reservoir: coastal waters. Transmission: vehicle (raw or undercooked) or direct (swimming in contaminated water with a wound)
What are the clinical signs of vibrio vulnificus and parahaemolyticus? When is this dz more common?
diarrhea, cramps, vomiting, fever. dz due to toxin production. Common in summers, when there are warm waters.
Who are the intermediate hosts of D. latum?
trout, perch, salmon, pike. The larvae migrates from the smaller fish to the muscle of the larger fish that ate it.
Who are the definitive hosts of D. latum?
mammalians (bears, humans, canids, felids, bears, etc.)
T/F: D. latum is the largest human tapeworm but only produces minor bloating and anemia
True.
How is it transmitted?
by eating raw fish.
Who is the intermediate host for Anisakis?
crustaceans, eaten by fish or squid.
Who is the definitive host for anisakis?
marine mammals, humans
What are the clinical signs of Anisakis?
tingling in throat, coughing up worms, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, appendicitis like symptoms.
T/F: The worm load with Anisakis can be pretty severe.
False. Usually only 1 worm/person
How does one get Anisakis?
raw infected fist. cook or freeze it to prevent it.
Where is Gnathostoma spinigerum found?
SE Asia. Get it by eating raw fresh water fish or drinking contaminated water.
Where is Capillaria philippnensis found?
SE Asia. Get it by eating raw freshwater fish, drinking contaminated water, or autoinfection.
How does one get fish borne trematodes?
freshwater fish, mollusks, or crabs.
Who are the intermediate hosts for fish trematodes?
snails or molluscs (1st) and then fish.
Who are the 2 liver flukes?
Pisthorcus and Clonorcus
Clinical signs of fish liver flukes?
liver damage clinical signs. Can lead to cirrhosis or carcinoma
What genera of lung flukes are we concerned with?
Paragonimus
What are the clinical signs of paragonimus?
coughing, chest pain, fever, coughing up blood. Can resolve w/o tx.
What genera of intestinal flukes are we concerned with?
Metagonimus, Heterophyidae, and Echinostomatidae.
How are intestinal flukes transmitted?
eating raw/undercooked fresh or brackish water fish, bivalves, molluscs, and oysters.
What are the CS of intestinal flukes?
abdominal pain, diarrhea, lethargy, weight loss, fever, and malabsorption.
Scombrotoxin is the toxin of what? It is also known as what?
spoilage and poor storage (warm temp). aka Histamine Fish Poisoning.
What are the vehicles for scombrotoxin? What are the clinical signs?
Vehicle: tuna, mackerel, bonito, mahi mahi, marlin, and bluefish. Clinical signs: sudden onset (2min-2hrs) of burning, swelling of mouth, mausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, pruritis, rash, and abdominal cramps.
Tetrodotoxin is also known as what? What is the toxin?
Pufferfish poisoning. Toxin: vasopressor and neurotoxin only by pufferfish.
What are clinical signs for tetrodotoxin?
muscle paralysis. Victim is fully conscious and dies of asphyxiation.
How does one get cigatuera poisoning?
by eating grouper, red snapper, and barracuda (and many others)
What are the clinical signs of ciguatera poisoning?
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, sometimes neurological signs, rarely fatal.
T/F: it is easy to prevent getting this toxin, as the fish appears sick, and all you have to do is cook it.
False. Fish appear healthy, and you can’t cook it out
The neurotoxin in shellfish poisoning is produced by what?
By a dinoflagellate.
Where do you find the shellfish toxin?
in oysters, clams, and mussels.
What are the clinical signs of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning?
numbness, tingling in the mouth, arms, and legs, incoordination, and GI upset.
What produces the toxin in amnesic shellfish poisoning?
domoic acide produced by a diatom.
What are the clinical signs of amnesic shellfish poisoning?
GI symptoms, dizziness, headache, disorientation, and permanent short term memory loss, dementia, occasionally death.
What are the chemical contaminants we care about?
methylmercury and pesticides/other contaminants of water.
Where is methylmercury the highest in concentration?
in oily or predatory fish.
T/F: if you get methylmercury poisoning, you’ll know right away.
False. May take weeks-years b4 clinical signs appear.
