Prevention, control, and eradication of disease

Question 1

What is primary prevention?

Answer 1

it is aimed at maintaining a healthy population (preventing the occurrence of dz). Can occur by vaccination, border security, meat hygiene, inspection, HACCP programs, or removing specified risk material from food/feed.

Question 2

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 2

it attempts to minimize damage after disease has occurred. i.e. screening for breast/prostate cancer.

Question 3

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 3

Consists of rehabilitation after primary and secondary prevention have failed. Applies mainly to the individual and is for the symptomatic, diseased patient or population.

Question 4

What is the goal of tertiary prevention?

Answer 4

to reduce complications, slow down the progression, and reduce the severity of the symptoms. Maintains best quality of life possible.

Question 5

What is control?

Answer 5

steps taken to reduce a disease problem to a tolerable level and maintain it at that level. Similar to secondary prevention.

Question 6

What is eradication?

Answer 6

the final step in disease control efforts; it consists of complete elimination of the disease-producing agent from a defined geographic region.

Question 7

What is total eradication?

Answer 7

disease agent has been completely removed from the area of concern.

Question 8

What is practical eradication?

Answer 8

elimination of organism from the reservoirs of importance to humans or their domestic animals, as opposed to total eradication e.g eradication of canine rabies in the USA.

Question 9

What are the 3 principles of dz control and eradication?

Answer 9

reservoir neutralization, reducing contact potential, and increasing host resistance.

Question 10

What are 3 ways to achieve reservoir neutralization

Answer 10

removing infected individuals (test and slaughter, mass therapy), rendering infected individuals non-shedders (vaccination), or manipulating the environment (parasite/mosquito control)

Question 11

What are 3 ways to reduce contact potential?

Answer 11

isolation or treatment of cases, quarantine of possible infected, and population control and reduction.

Question 12

How do you increase host resistance?

Answer 12

genetic selection, good welfare, chemoprophylaxis, and vaccination.