Bacterial Foodborne Diseases

Question 1

What is characteristic of intoxication caused by bacteria?

Answer 1

doesn’t colonize the intestinal tract, bacteria replicates in the food, not GI (except C. perfringens) and bacteria produce toxins in the food.

Question 2

Do bacterial infections of the GI colonize the GI tract?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What bacteria cause intoxications?

Answer 3

S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, C. botulinum, and C. perfringens

Question 4

Which bacteria have exotoxins?

Answer 4

S. aureus, B. cereus, C. botulinum, and C. perfringens (these are gram +)

Question 5

List the bacteria that have endotoxins

Answer 5

C. jejuni, Salmonella, E. coli, and Vibrio cholera (these are gram -)

Question 6

How long does it take for the onset of an intoxication?

Answer 6

usually 30 min-6 hrs, but can go up to 12 hrs.

Question 7

How long does it take for the onset of an infection?

Answer 7

several hours, to days.

Question 8

S. aureus is commonly seen in what foods?

Answer 8

Foods that are touched a lot.

Question 9

What is the reservoir for S. aureus?

Answer 9

skin and nose of many healthy people

Question 10

How is S. aureus transmitted?

Answer 10

contaminated food that isn’t stored properly, allowing for toxin production.

Question 11

Which bacteria is responsible for the most common foodborne intoxication?

Answer 11

S. aureus

Question 12

What is usually seen with S. aureus intoxication?

Answer 12

vomiting, diarrhea, cramping, lasts about 24hrs.

Question 13

This bacteria is found in the soil and can’t necessarily be treated by cooking the food.

Answer 13

Bacillus cereus.

Question 14

What two forms are commonly seen with B. cereus intoxication?

Answer 14

enteric form which causes nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea form, which causes diarrhea and cramping.

Question 15

This bacteria is found in the soil, in honey, in the GI of fish and mammals

Answer 15

C. botulinum.

Question 16

How is c. botulinum transmitted?

Answer 16

food contaminated with spores at production, that was then improperly processed.

Question 17

This bacteria is found in the soil, sediments, intestinal tracts of people and animals, and the spores survive cooking.

Answer 17

C. perfringens.

Question 18

How long is the incubation period for C. perfringens?

Answer 18

8-22 hours

Question 19

What is the proper temp to store food at?

Answer 19

less than 40 F and greater than 140 F

Question 20

This bacteria is gram negative, and is more common in the summer. Its reservoir are many bird species.

Answer 20

C. jejuni

Question 21

what is important about the transmission of C. jejuni?

Answer 21

it has a very low infectious dose.

Question 22

How long do people remain sick with C. jejuni?

Answer 22

7 days

Question 23

How do you prevent C. jejuni?

Answer 23

target the vehicle by properly handling/processing/cooking milk or meat. DO NOT WASH POULTRY.

Question 24

Where is salmonella found?

Answer 24

In many species GI, and on the skin flora of reptiles.

Question 25

T/F: Salmonella is the biggest cause for hospitalization

Answer 25

True

Question 26

How long do salmonella infections usually last?

Answer 26

4-7 days

Question 27

When is Salmonella most common?

Answer 27

in the summer

Question 28

Who is E. coli found in?

Answer 28

many mammalian species, including cattle and other hoof stock

Question 29

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is often caused by what type of E. coli?

Answer 29

STEC (shiga toxin)

Question 30

Who does STEC often affect? Where is is commonly seen?

Answer 30

Often affect children, seen in water parks and petting zoos

Question 31

Is there a vaccine for E. coli?

Answer 31

YES. can vaccinate cattle in efforts to prevent

Question 32

This bacteria is found in people, brackish rivers, coastal waters, and is salt tolerant.

Answer 32

Vibrio cholerae.

Question 33

How is V. cholerae transmitted?

Answer 33

Through water (most important) and foods contaminated by this water.

Can be fatal

Question 34

What are clinical signs for V. cholerae?

Answer 34

very watery diarrhea.

Question 35

This bacteria is found in the soil, water, and animals. It likes colder temps, and the vehicle is infected food (“ready to eat” foods are a concern)

Answer 35

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 36

Can L. monocytogenes cause abortion?

Answer 36

yes.

Question 37

Does L. monocytogenes produce an endotoxin?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

How is L monocytogenes prevented?

Answer 38

By cooking and pasteurization