Scrub in Flashcards
1
Q
- Associated with portal hypertension
- ( > 12 mmHg)
A
Esophageal Varices
2
Q
Tributaries:
-Tributary of the portal vein
A
1.Left Gastric Vein
3
Q
Tributaries:
-Caput Medussae
A
2.Periumbical Vein
4
Q
Tributaries:
-Hemorrhoidal veins
A
3.Rectal Vein
5
Q
Esophageal Varices: Vignettes
A
- Liver cirrhosis
- Schistosomiasis
6
Q
2 types of Obstruction:
-Schistosimiasis
A
1.Pre-sinusoidaal Obstruction
7
Q
2 types of Obstruction:
- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- Hepatic vein thrombosis
A
2.Post Sinusoidal Obstruction
8
Q
- Best treat for ruptured esophageal varices
- Better prognosis / outcome
- Better than sclerotherapy
A
Endoscopic Band Ligation
9
Q
Cyanoacetate
A
Sclerotherapy
10
Q
What layer is injected during sclerotherapy?
A
Submucosa
11
Q
What is the most common sclerosing agent?
A
Tetradecyl Sulfate
12
Q
Cheapest sclerosing agent?
A
Alcohol
13
Q
Least Painful agent for Pleurodesis
A
TALC
14
Q
What is the most critical treatment of Acute Variceal bleeding?
A
-Prompt Endoscopic Intervention Banding - - 85% successful
15
Q
- TIPS
- Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic Shunt
A
Refractory Bleeding
16
Q
Type with least risk for Encephalopathy
A
Distal Splenorenal Shunt/ Warren Shunt
17
Q
- Head
- Second part
- Whipples Procedure
A
Pancreatic CA
18
Q
Foramen cecum
A
Thyroglossal Duct Remnant
19
Q
Most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue
A
Sublingual / Base of the tongue
20
Q
Esophagus epithelium
A
Squamous epithelium
21
Q
- Adenocarcinoma
- Lower 3rd of the esophagus
A
Barrett’s Esophagus
22
Q
Near gastroesophageal junction of the esophagus where linear tear is most common located
A
Mallory Weis Tear
23
Q
Most common site of SCC of Esophagus
A
Middle 3rd of esophagus
24
Q
What is the vessel clamped or occluded in Pringles Maneuver
A
portal vein
25
70%
Portal Vein
26
30%
Hepatic Artery
27
What now blood vessel supply after Pringle’s Maneuver?
Hepatic Vein
28
Alternate clumping Portal Vein & Hepatic Artery in total ischemic time for the liver
120 minutes
29
Strongest layer of the esophagus
Submucosa
30
Most common site of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Middle 3rd
31
Most common obstruction in MI
LAD / Left anterior descending
32
Most common benign esophageal tumor
Leiomyomas
33
Most Squamous Carcinoma
Leiomyomas
34
Pre-malignant lesions in Esophagus
- Barrett’s Esophagus
| - Plummer Vinson Syndrome
35
- Aka Patterson-Brown-Kelly Syndrome
- Predisposed to squamous
- SCC
- Esophageal webs
- Atrophic glossitis
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
Plummer Vinson Syndrome
36
Most common Esophageal Hernia?
Sliding Esophageal Hernia
37
Most common site of Mallory Weiss Tear
- Distal lower 3rd of GEJ
- Due to forceful retching & vomiting
- alcoholic
38
pressure rupture of esophagus
Boerhaave’s Syndrome
39
- aka Upper 3rd of Esophagus
- weakest part of the esophagus
- weak spot between inferior constrictor & cricopharyngeus muscle
- most common site of esophageal perforation
- most common site of Zenker’s Diverticulum
- Rupture
Killians Triangle
40
Chaga’s disease
Mega Esophagus
41
Most Common Site of Perforation of Esophagus
Killian’s Triangle
42
How to diagnose Hirsprung Disease?
Deep Rectal Biopsy
43
Stage of Decubitus Ulcer that extends into muscle, tendon & bone?
Stage IV
44
Bedridden, 61 Y.O, previous stroke. She has an infected deep pressure ulcer in her sacrum. AFTER debridement & supportive treatment, the pressure ulcer can be manage with?
Gluteus Maximus Flap
45
Also known as Full Thickness Burns
- 3rd degree burn
| - All layers of skin + entire Dermis
46
Left Posterior diaphragm
Bochdalek’s Hernia
47
Anterior
Morgagni
48
- Diaphragm
- Embrologic of diaphragm
- From cervical C2, C3, C4
Pleuroperitoneal / Septum Transversarium
49
Gold Standard for Glaucoma
Tonometry
50
Pre-op Bowel Prep Antibiotic
Netilmicin
51
Dilute sodium hypochlorite (bleach) used in contaminated wounds
Dakin Solution
52
Bleach + acute / vinegar
Third Solution
53
When you do lumbar tap
- L4 – L5
- L3 – L4
- Dura & Subarachnoid space
54
In between Dura Mater & Ligamentum Flavum
Epidural tap
55
Dermatomal level of Anus
S5
56
What is the most common site of obstruction in gallstone ileus?
Terminal Ileum
57
Which is the most frequent gastrointestinal site of Crohn’s disease
Skip lesion / Coble Stone Appearance
Ileocecal Region
58
What is the most appropriate donor site for grafting the skin of the hand?
Inner aspect of the arm
59
What is the recommended excisional margin for a 3 mm depth melanoma?
2 cm
60
What is the most appropriate donor site for grafting the skin of the face?
Post auricular
61
what is the most frequently utilized flap for head & neck reconstruction?
Deltopectoral flap
62
What is a Marjolin’s Ulcer
- Squamous cell carcinoma that develops in a chronic wound or ulceration
- Non-healing wound
63
What is the most frequent site of rupture of the appendix?
Anti-mesenteric border
64
Why is the left kidney preferred for donor nephrectomy?
Longer left renal vein
65
What is the most common surgical technique for tubal ligation in the Philippines?
Pomeroy Technique
66
What is ligated in Pomeroy Technique?
Isthmus
67
Where is the donor kidney placed?
Iliac Fossa
68
What is Amyand’s Hernia?
The Hernia sac contains a ruptured appendicitis
69
henia in Mickel’s diverticula
Littre’s hernia
70
Accepted sclerosant for pleural effusion?
TALC
71
A small thick antecubital scar from 2nd degree flame burn is constricting movement. To relieve the constriction, the appropriate procedure to refresen the scar is?
Z plasty
72
- most common source of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma
| - near the abdominal aorta
Organ of Zuckerkandl
73
metastatic disease to rectouterine pouch of Douglas
Blumer’s Shelf
74
mets at the ovaries
Krukenberg Tumor
75
Conduit of choice of CABG?
Internal Mammary Artery
76
What is used for cross facial Nerve Graft / Spinal Nerve Injury?
Sural Nerve
77
Parathyroid Ca should be resected
3.5 / 3 ½
78
Parathyroid Ca should be resected
3. 5 / 3 ½
| - Leave half – still compatible with life
79
Parathyroid glands Normal:
4 parathyroid glands
80
What ligament clamp in Pringle’s Maneuver that is less harmful?
- Hepatoduodenal ligament
- Clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament alone is less harmful because the liver is nourished partially by backflow from the hepatic vein during clamping of the HDL
81
on top of the mountain, how many (much) % of the PO2 of blood?
47%
82
Polycythemia Vera
| - at sea level, the alveolar PO2 is
104 mmHg
83
Polycythemia Vera
| - at 20,000 feet altitutde, it falls about in anacclimatized person
40 mmHg
84
initial chest tube drainage
1,500 ml
85
chest tube drainage in succceeding hours
200 ml/hour x 4 hours
86
level of needle thoracostomy
5th ICS MCL / AAL
87
causetive agent for Red tide
Pfiesteria algal
88
what particle suspended in the alveoli
0.5 mm
89
settle in the smaller bronchioles as a result of gravitational precipitations
1.5 mm
90
in laryngoscopy of a patient, what is the position of vocal cord
the cords are wide open (abducted)
***the vocal cords as they are seen when looking into the glottis with a laryngoscope. during normal breathing the vocals are wide open to allow passage of air
