Scientific Methos Flashcards
Science
The study of physical,material and living word
Biology
The study of living things
Scientific method
The process of investigation in which problems are identified and there suggested explanations are tested by carrying out experiments
Process of scientific method
-make observations
-form hypothesis
-experimentation
-collect data
-conclusion
-relate conc to knowledge
-report and publish results
Hypothesis
A proposed explanation based on observations
Experiment
Test of hypothesis
Data (results)
Measurements,observations or info gathered from experiments
Theory
Is a hypothesis that has been supported by many different experiments
A principle or law
Arise from a theory that has been shown to be valid when fully tested over a long period of time
Bias
Someone has a preferred outcome
Methods for avoiding bias
-large sample sizes
-random sampling
-replicates
Where scientists publish research and why
In a scientific journal
Allows for peer review and allows others to learn
Features of good experimental design
Has a control
Done safely
Large sample sizes
Experimental phrases
-double blind testing
Neither the person being tested nor the tester knows who is receiving the real drug or who is receiving the placebo
Placebo
An inactive Sunbatance used as a control in an expirement or test to determine the effectiveness of a medical drug
Random selection
Technique used where each element of the population has an equal chance if being chosen
Reduces bais
Limitations of the scientific method
1
Extent of our knowledge
- ability to form hypothesis and design an experiment is dependent on the level of basic knowledge
Limitations of the scientific method
2
Interpreting results
-ability to interpret or analyze data is important otherwise can lead to faulty conclusions
Limitations of the scientific method
3
Application to nature
-living things are constantly changing and evolving and hypothesis must be altered
Limitations of the scientific method
4
Accidental discoveries
-some made by chance eg
Alexander Flemings discovery of penicillin
Ethics
Whether conduct is right or wrong
Whether issues are morally right or wrong
Examples of ethical issues
-cloning
-use of animals in experiments
-contraception
-use of gmos
