Plant Structure Flashcards
Types of roots
-tap root
Main root , develops from the radicle
Found in dicotyledons
EG- dandelion
Types of roots
-fibrous root
Forms when radicles die, found in monocotyledons
EG,grasses
Types of roots
- Adventitous root
Don’t develop from the radicle
EG,gripping roots of ivy
Functions of roots
Anchor the plant to soil
Absorb water and minerals
Transport absorbed minerals to shoots
Zones in a root
-zone of protection
The root cap protects the root
Zones in a root
-zone of division (meristematic zone)
Cells in the root meristem constantly dividing by mitosis to produce new cells for root growth
Zones in a root
-zone of elongation
Cells increase in length due to plant growth regulators called auxins
Zones in a root
-differentiation
Cells develop into 3 different types of tissues -dermal,ground,vascular tissue
Part of stems
Node - leaf emerges
Internode - area of stem between nodes
Apical bud - causes elongation
Bud - on the stem produces new branches
Lenticles - openings in stem for gas exchange
Functions of stem
-transport water + minerals from roots to leaves and flowers
- transport food from leaves to roots
-sometimes stores food eg. Potatoes
Leaf functions
-photosynthesis
-gas exchange thru the stomata
-Water loss
Plant tissues
-dermal
Layer that covers the plant
Function:protects the plant
Plant tissues
-Meristematic
In Tips of roots and shoots
Function: mitosis-cell division
Plant tissues
- ground
Gives plant strength +support
Function:photosynthesis +food storage
Plant tissues
-vascular
Consists of the xylem and phloem
Xylem
-transports water and minerals
-gives some support to plant due to lingin(tough material forms wood)
-2 types : vessels and tracheids
Phloem
-transports food in a plant
-no lingin but cellulose is found
Composed of sieve tubes+companion cells=alive
Cotyledon
A seed leaf
Food source for developing seed
Monocotyledon
-1 seed leaf
-scattered vascular bundles
-long narrow leaf
-parallel veined leaves
EG grass
Dicotyledon
-2 seed leaves
-vascular bundles in a ring
-broad leaf
-netted veined leaves
EG sunflower
Adaptations of vascular tissues
Xylem
Narrow and hollow
Thick walls-lingin
Has pits
Adaptations of vascular tissues
Phloem
Hollow
Companion cells
Sieve plates
